Despite the cheerful start of the meeting, which was initiated by the American side, there were a lot of difficult issues on the agenda. It came amid growing tensions between Washington and Beijing over US support of Taiwan's independence push and trade disputes, among other things. The US also claims China is committing human rights violations against the Uyghur population in the Xinjiang region - an accusation Beijing is strongly denying.

Speaking from the Roosevelt Room in the White House, Biden said that Washington believed that "all countries have to play by the same rules of the road," and insisted that the US "is always going to stand up for our interests and values and those of our allies and partners."

The comment could've been a nod to Taiwan, a self-governed island some 160 kilometers east of mainland China, which Beijing views as its breakaway territory. The US has been committed to the 'One China' policy since 1979 - and Biden again confirmed it to Xi during the talks - but has also maintained unofficial ties with Taipei, selling it weapons and warning that it was ready to help the island militarily if Beijing resorts to the use of force. China has been angered by those contacts, calling them meddling in its internal affairs.

"We are patient and willing to do our utmost to strive for the prospect of peaceful reunification" with Taiwan, Xi said. However, he reiterated to his American counterpart that China would take "decisive measures" if "pro-Taiwan independence" forces crossed a "red line."

The two leaders had "extended discussion" on Taiwan, with Biden directly telling his counterpart that China's behavior had been at odds with stability across the Taiwan strait, a senior US administration official told Reuters. However, he acknowledged that nothing new was established on Taiwan in terms of guardrails during the virtual sit-down.

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