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    <title>Sott.net - Secret History</title>
    <link>https://www.sott.net/category/19-Secret-History</link>
    <description>Signs of the Times: The World for People who Think. Featuring independent, unbiased, alternative news and commentary on world events.</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>Original content Copyright 2026 by Signs of the Times/Sott.net. For other content, see our Fair Use Policy at www.sott.net.</copyright>
    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 18:50:53 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>This man defied Britain, France and Israel - and his legacy still animates Africa</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507621-This-man-defied-Britain-France-and-Israel-and-his-legacy-still-animates-Africa</link>
      <description>Gamal Abdel Nasser proved that true independence is won through active solidarity When Gamal Abdel Nasser led the Free Officers Movement to power in 1952, Africa's political landscape was mostly vacant - with independent nations limited to Egypt, Ethiopia, Liberia, Libya, and apartheid-ruled South Africa. Yet, by his death in September 1970, more than 40 African countries had achieved sovereignty. This monumental shift was no coincidence. Under Nasser, Cairo transformed into the hub of global anti-colonialism - a diplomatic base and logistics center for liberation struggles from Algeria's National Liberation Front (FLN) to movements in the Congo, Angola, and Southern Africa. By exporting the ideals of the July 23 Revolution, Egypt helped engineer Africa's decolonization wave, anchoring a Pan-African momentum that forged the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and championed a multipolar world order through the Non-Aligned Movement. Marking its 74th anniversary today, the legacy of...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507621-This-man-defied-Britain-France-and-Israel-and-his-legacy-still-animates-Africa</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 18:47:38 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>From cash to trash, rinse and repeat</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507594-From-cash-to-trash-rinse-and-repeat</link>
      <description>The Continental dollar, born in 1775, was meant to finance the colonies' fight against Britain — the American Revolution. What it actually financed was a masterclass in how quickly a currency can evaporate when it has no anchor, no credible backing, and no one willing to stop the printing presses. Hundreds of millions of Continental notes were issued with nothing but the promise of future redemption in gold or silver — which the colonies did not possess in sufficient quantity. As wartime expenses mounted and the conflict dragged on, the colonies' solution was a time-honored tactic. Just dig yourself a deeper financial hole by printing more currency. When confidence in the Continental buck inevitably collapsed, merchants demanded ever-larger stacks of paper for the same goods. By 1781, a barrel of flour that once cost a few Continental dollars cost hundreds or thousands. The exchange rate against silver reached the point where it took five hundred to a thousand Continentals to buy a...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507594-From-cash-to-trash-rinse-and-repeat</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2026 16:22:05 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>New evidence reveals a 25,000-year-old center of magic, healing and ritual in Australia</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507558-New-evidence-reveals-a-25000-year-old-center-of-magic-healing-and-ritual-in-Australia</link>
      <description>For at least 25,000 years, people entered Cloggs Cave carrying plants. They did not appear to bring the grasses solely for food, warmth or ordinary domestic work. Instead, new microscopic evidence suggests that whole plants were deliberately gathered, transported into the secluded cave and burned in repeated, low-temperature fires — activities that strengthen the interpretation of Cloggs Cave as a place reserved for ritual specialists, healing practices and spiritual power. Located in GunaiKurnai Country in southeastern Australia, Cloggs Cave preserves one of the continent's longest archaeological records of relationships between people and plants. A new study published in Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology examined phytoliths — microscopic silica structures formed inside plants — preserved in deposits spanning approximately 25,000 years. The results point toward something far more complex than a shelter where people simply cooked, slept or sought protection from the weather.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507558-New-evidence-reveals-a-25000-year-old-center-of-magic-healing-and-ritual-in-Australia</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2026 23:34:02 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Ancient Rome's strange hair law: Long locks out, bald heads in</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507517-Ancient-Romes-strange-hair-law-Long-locks-out-bald-heads-in</link>
      <description>In late antique Rome, a bad hair day could become a legal matter. In AD 416, emperors Honorius and Theodosius II prohibited long hair inside Rome and its surrounding districts — at roughly the same time that an influential philosopher was portraying bald men as healthier, wiser, and altogether more trustworthy. The unusual connection between Roman hairstyle laws and the ancient Eulogy of Baldness is examined by historian Javier Arce in a study published in the journal Pyrenae. His research suggests that Rome's long-hair ban was not simply an eccentric attempt to regulate personal grooming. It formed part of a wider struggle over status, public order and the growing popularity of fashions associated with peoples the Romans called "barbarians." Rome's 1,600-year-old long hair ban The law was issued on December 12, AD 416, from Ravenna, where Emperor Honorius was then based. It ordered that no one be permitted to wear "longer locks" within the sacred city of Rome. Long hair was not...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507517-Ancient-Romes-strange-hair-law-Long-locks-out-bald-heads-in</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 17:25:19 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>A chorus of poets: On the possible existence of multiple Homers</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507509-A-chorus-of-poets-On-the-possible-existence-of-multiple-Homers</link>
      <description>Henry Power Considers Theories on the Authorship of the Iliad and the Odyssey Dawn touches the sky with her rosy fingers, and I realize that I forgot to put the bin out. I turn on the radio, and the news is full of stories about powerful men with fragile egos catapulting the world into chaos, and about human beings who endure under impossible circumstances. The stories are familiar from two poems I first read when I was eight years old, written (or so I was told) by a blind man named Homer. I have thought about those poems every day since. Homer is already on my mind as I drag the bin onto the street, and Homer will still be on my mind when night comes, the tamer of gods and men. I teach literature at a university, so it's impossible to escape Homer in my working life: echoes of the Iliad and the Odyssey can be found everywhere in the literature of the English-speaking world, and beyond. But I see their traces everywhere, not just in the poems and novels I discuss with my students....</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507509-A-chorus-of-poets-On-the-possible-existence-of-multiple-Homers</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2026 22:00:23 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Underwater ruins off Louisiana have revived the theory of a 12,000-year-old lost city</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507500-Underwater-ruins-off-Louisiana-have-revived-the-theory-of-a-12000-year-old-lost-city</link>
      <description>Federal scientists investigating submerged terrain off the coasts of Texas and Louisiana have documented seafloor features consistent with ancient shorelines and river channels that existed when sea levels were far lower, raising pointed questions about whether humans occupied those lands as early as 13,000 years ago. The research, carried out through NOAA's Paleolandscapes expedition and supported by Bureau of Ocean Energy Management survey mandates, has given new life to long-debated claims of a "lost city" beneath the Gulf of Mexico. No confirmed artifacts or built structures have been recovered so far, but the geophysical data now in hand has narrowed the search area enough to make targeted verification possible for the first time. Why submerged Gulf shorelines demand attention right now The tension is straightforward: offshore energy leasing in the Gulf is expanding at the same time that federal law requires protection of possible archaeological sites before drilling can...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507500-Underwater-ruins-off-Louisiana-have-revived-the-theory-of-a-12000-year-old-lost-city</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2026 20:22:37 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>The strange death of James V. Forrestal, the first US Secretary of Defense</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507496-The-strange-death-of-James-V-Forrestal-the-first-US-Secretary-of-Defense</link>
      <description>Did Israel start its serial assassination campaigns of its American opponents much earlier than we assume? I have always enjoyed reading a wide variety of books on somewhat arcane subjects. Many are triggered by references from other books, and they form a sort of chain reaction. Around 10 years ago, I read Webster Griffin Tarpley's book 9/11 Synthetic Terror: Made in USA, my first exposure to alternative 9/11 theories of what truly happened in 2001. Tarpley's book led me to David Ray Griffin's The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions About the Bush Administration and 9/11. I subsequently read perhaps 30 books on the subject such as Kevin Ryan's Another Nineteen: Investigating Legitimate 9/11 Suspects, Chris Bollyn's Solving 9/11: The Deception That Changed the World, Jim Fetzer's The 9/11 Conspiracy - the Scamming of America, and more. Griffin's New Pearl Harbor further led me to Peter Dale Scott's The War Conspiracy: JFK, 9/11, and the Deep Politics of War as well as his books...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507496-The-strange-death-of-James-V-Forrestal-the-first-US-Secretary-of-Defense</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 19 Jul 2026 18:12:12 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>'They used axes to spare the ammo': How modern Ukraine's Nazi heroes massacred civilians during WWII</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/464264-They-used-axes-to-spare-the-ammo-How-modern-Ukraines-Nazi-heroes-massacred-civilians-during-WWII</link>
      <description>The Second World War is usually seen as a confrontation between giant military alliances. However, in reality, many smaller separate conflicts unfolded within this epic war, and the struggle between peoples and countries was often conducted without compromise or mercy. One of the darkest and least-known pages of the Second World War is the Volyn massacre - an ethnic cleansing carried out by pro-Nazi Ukrainian nationalist groups in the Volyn region, which is now almost entirely part of Ukraine. Volhynia has historically been a border zone. These swampy forests were part of Russia in the Middle Ages and later became part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - the Polish state in its heyday. The partitioning of Poland brought Volhynia into the Russian Empire. After the First World War, the Bolshevik Revolution, and the Russian Civil War, Volhynia was once again part of an independent Poland. In short, this region, although a bit of a backwater, has changed hands often.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/464264-They-used-axes-to-spare-the-ammo-How-modern-Ukraines-Nazi-heroes-massacred-civilians-during-WWII</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2026 14:53:05 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>'Crimes against humanity': The CIA's sickest secret may finally be exposed</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507373-Crimes-against-humanity-The-CIAs-sickest-secret-may-finally-be-exposed</link>
      <description>New MKULTRA hearings have reopened questions about victims, destroyed files, and experiments America never answered for A decorated US Air Force serviceman with no history of violence suddenly abducted, raped and murdered a three-year-old girl. When a search party found Jimmy Shaver wandering near San Antonio, Texas, he appeared to be in a trance, unable to explain where he was or how he had gotten there. After his arrest, he reportedly failed to recognize his own wife when she visited him in jail. Until the moment he was executed four years later, Shaver insisted he had no memory of committing the crime for which he had been sentenced to death. More than seventy years later, some researchers believe his case may have been linked to one of the CIA's darkest Cold War programs: MKULTRA, the covert project that sought to manipulate, erase and ultimately control the human mind through drugs, hypnosis and psychological experimentation.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507373-Crimes-against-humanity-The-CIAs-sickest-secret-may-finally-be-exposed</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 20:41:27 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Uncovering three new kings of Assyria</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507370-Uncovering-three-new-kings-of-Assyria</link>
      <description>A new study co-written by Yale's Eckart Frahm provides evidence that the ancient kingdom of Assyria had three more kings than previously thought. Imagine, if you will, that an industrious scholar has unearthed credible evidence of a missing monarch in the accepted historical line of succession of the British crown. Another Elizabeth who ruled for a brief period, perhaps. Or a Charles III who preceded the current king, effectively making him Charles IV. Such a finding would shake up the popular understanding of how the crown has been passed down over the ages and leave scholars with a whole new set of questions about the British monarchy. New research into the ancient Assyrian kingdom promises to be similarly disruptive for the world of Assyriologists. A study by Yale's Eckart Frahm and Alexander Johannes Edmonds, of the University of Münster, in Germany, provides evidence for three previously unknown Assyrian kings who ruled for brief periods in the 10th and 8th centuries B.C.E....</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507370-Uncovering-three-new-kings-of-Assyria</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 17:18:04 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Declaration of Independence copy seized by British navy in 1776 uncovered in London's National Archives</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507254-Declaration-of-Independence-copy-seized-by-British-navy-in-1776-uncovered-in-Londons-National-Archives</link>
      <description>Listed simply as "another paper" in the Royal Navy inventory, the Declaration remained buried in British archives for 250 years. A rare copy of the Declaration of Independence lost for 250 years has been discovered in London, where it is the only known example of its kind outside the U.S. Printed in Exeter, New Hampshire, just days after the Declaration was adopted on July 4, 1776, the document was intended to spread news of American independence throughout the American colonies. The early copy remained tucked away in Britain's National Archives until a volunteer cataloging records from the American Revolutionary War came across it in May among the papers of Royal Navy captains. Only 11 copies of the so-called Exeter printing are known to survive, and until this discovery, none had been found outside the U.S., Britain's National Archives said in a news release Thursday.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507254-Declaration-of-Independence-copy-seized-by-British-navy-in-1776-uncovered-in-Londons-National-Archives</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2026 19:30:12 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>"Studebaker!": The rise and fall of a US industrial dream and a forgotten alliance</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507249-Studebaker-The-rise-and-fall-of-a-US-industrial-dream-and-a-forgotten-alliance</link>
      <description>Despite geopolitical disagreements and the fading of history, human connection and a shared memory of the losses and cooperation during the war — symbolized by the American "Studebaker" truck — can transcend the decades and bring people together. A Russian general who had driven "Studers" through the mud of a war that ate his generation whole gave an American stranger a bear hug because the stranger understood, in Russian, what had been lost and what had been shared. There is a moment, small and human, that cuts through decades of geopolitical noise like a blade through fog. In April 2015, in Moscow, Ray McGovern, a former CIA analyst who spent 27 years briefing American presidents, attended a ceremony hosted by the Russians. This event marked the 70th anniversary of the Meeting on the Elbe. In April 1945, American and Soviet troops joined hands on a bridge in Germany, realizing together that the war was nearly over. McGovern had recited Nekrasov's devastating anti-war poem in both...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507249-Studebaker-The-rise-and-fall-of-a-US-industrial-dream-and-a-forgotten-alliance</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 04 Jul 2026 18:48:13 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Egypt uncovers a complete Byzantine city in the Dakhla Oasis</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507239-Egypt-uncovers-a-complete-Byzantine-city-in-the-Dakhla-Oasis</link>
      <description>Archaeologists in Egypt have uncovered a mudbrick residential settlement at Ain el-Sabil in the Dakhla Oasis, revealing a planned Late Roman or early Byzantine community with streets, houses, a basilica church, defensive structures, written documents, and coins. The discovery was announced by Egypt's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities after excavations by an Egyptian mission affiliated with the Supreme Council of Antiquities. The site lies in New Valley Governorate, in Egypt's Western Desert, where the oases preserve some of the clearest archaeological evidence for daily life outside the Nile Valley during Late Antiquity. A planned mudbrick settlement in the Western Desert According to the ministry's statement, all of the newly uncovered buildings were made of mudbrick. The settlement follows an organized urban plan, with main streets running north to south and smaller cross-streets running east to west. These created open spaces and squares within the settlement, while a...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507239-Egypt-uncovers-a-complete-Byzantine-city-in-the-Dakhla-Oasis</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2026 21:02:02 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>French archaeologist cracks 4,000-year-old Elamite script from Iran</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507144-French-archaeologist-cracks-4000-year-old-Elamite-script-from-Iran</link>
      <description>TEHRAN - French archaeologist François Desset has decoded the 4,000-year-old Linear Elamite writing system from ancient Iran, unlocking one of the last undeciphered scripts of the ancient Near East after years of research. Desset, a researcher at the University of Liège in Belgium, said his breakthrough came after studying newly accessible inscriptions on ancient silver vases from the Mahboubian Collection in London. The additional texts enabled him to identify recurring royal names that provided the key to understanding the script, according to France 24. Linear Elamite, a writing system consisting of 77 geometric signs, was used during the Bronze Age by the Elamite civilization, which flourished in what is now southwestern Iran. The script was first rediscovered in 1903 during French archaeological excavations at the ancient city of Susa but remained undeciphered for more than a century because of the limited number of surviving inscriptions. Desset said his interest in the...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507144-French-archaeologist-cracks-4000-year-old-Elamite-script-from-Iran</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2026 03:49:00 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>WTF happened in 1971?</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507111-WTF-happened-in-1971</link>
      <description>Wanna see something weird? Get a load of this: Not so weird? OK, how about this? Not getting it yet? Then try this! Are you starting to get the picture? Then, feast your eyes on this: And this: And even this:</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507111-WTF-happened-in-1971</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 27 Jun 2026 17:36:45 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>4,000-year-old sealed cuneiform letters from Anatolia read without breaking their clay envelopes</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507091-4000-year-old-sealed-cuneiform-letters-from-Anatolia-read-without-breaking-their-clay-envelopes</link>
      <description>4,000-year-old sealed cuneiform letters from ancient Anatolia have been read without breaking their clay envelopes, thanks to a mobile X-ray CT scanner designed to bring advanced imaging directly into museum collections. The study, published in npj Heritage Science, marks an important step for Assyriology and cultural heritage science. Many cuneiform tablets from Southwest Asia remain sealed inside clay envelopes, making their texts inaccessible unless the outer shell is destroyed. For decades, that was the only way to read them. It also meant losing seal impressions and other traces left by the people who sent, handled, and protected the documents.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507091-4000-year-old-sealed-cuneiform-letters-from-Anatolia-read-without-breaking-their-clay-envelopes</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2026 17:24:23 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>How the crossword conquered America and reigns even to this day</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507065-How-the-crossword-conquered-America-and-reigns-even-to-this-day</link>
      <description>They're old fashioned. They were never supposed to be this popular. I saw why they're only getting bigger. Even in a boom time for games, the decidedly old-fashioned puzzles are more popular than ever. I went to the best place on Earth to understand why. What are puzzles for? They boom at times of trouble. During the 1930s, the New York Times dithered about whether to make its crossword puzzle a regular, serious feature of the paper. Then came the attack on Pearl Harbor. Margaret Farrar became the paper's first crossword puzzle editor after writing to the Times' publisher in the aftermath of the attack. "I don't think I have to sell you on the increased demand for this type of pastime in an increasingly worried world," she wrote. "You can't think of your troubles while solving a crossword." The first crossword had been written a few decades earlier, by a Liverpool-born man called Arthur Wynne, and published in the New York World newspaper in 1913. Wynne thought he ought to patent...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507065-How-the-crossword-conquered-America-and-reigns-even-to-this-day</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 21:17:07 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>The American Revolution and the danger of standing armies</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507059-The-American-Revolution-and-the-danger-of-standing-armies</link>
      <description>Among the key men involved in the American Revolution and the following periods, we find an oft-repeated concern that may seem foreign to us today — the threat of standing armies. This was a heritage of British legal thought and history, and it became an underappreciated part of American political thought and experience. Why were peacetime standing armies viewed as such a threat? To many Americans of this period, peacetime standing armies posed a threat not only because they could be used by the state to overthrow liberty, but because they tended to reshape society and government itself. A permanent military establishment could develop interests distinct from those of the people, become an instrument for enforcing unpopular or unconstitutional policies, and concentrate power in the hands of central authorities. Standing armies also required permanent taxation, debt, and bureaucracy, fostering what later historians would call a fiscal-military state. This process also creates vested...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507059-The-American-Revolution-and-the-danger-of-standing-armies</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 24 Jun 2026 19:04:05 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Enormous 2,000-year-old luxurious Roman bathhouse uncovered in the Netherlands</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507013-Enormous-2000-year-old-luxurious-Roman-bathhouse-uncovered-in-the-Netherlands</link>
      <description>Archaeologists working in the Dutch city of Nijmegen have uncovered the largest Roman bathhouse complex ever found in the Netherlands. The structure stood in Ulpia Noviomagus, a Roman city along the River Waal, and covered at least 4,900 square meters. The size of the complex points to the importance of Nijmegen during the Roman period. Teams from RAAP and BAAC began excavations in September at a redevelopment site in the Waalfront district, an area once occupied by industrial buildings. Their work exposed far more than a bathhouse. Researchers identified streets, residential blocks, large houses, and a tower, allowing them to reconstruct part of a prosperous urban neighborhood from the second and third centuries CE. The bath complex was much larger than similar public bathhouses known elsewhere in the Netherlands. The bathhouse at Forum Hadriani, near modern Voorburg, covered about 2,200 square meters. The one at Coriovallum, in present-day Heerlen, measured around 2,500 square...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507013-Enormous-2000-year-old-luxurious-Roman-bathhouse-uncovered-in-the-Netherlands</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 14:33:46 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>The world government that wasn't</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/507000-The-world-government-that-wasn-t</link>
      <description>In 1961 Washington and Moscow agreed to abolish war. Then the men who meant it died. There are certain episodes in Cold War history that modern conservatives are expected to treat as either sinister fantasy or liberal delusion. The McCloy-Zorin Accords of 1961 occupy a curious place. Explain the concept today and half of the audience assumes you are describing a proto-globalist fever dream hatched in Manhattan conference rooms full of Scandinavian furniture and earnest men in rimless spectacles. Yet for a brief moment — and this is the part that ought to unsettle both the utopians and the cynics — the United States and the Soviet Union formally agreed that the ultimate goal of international politics should be the abolition of war itself. Not metaphorically. Literally. The "Joint Statement of Agreed Principles for Disarmament Negotiations," better known as the McCloy-Zorin Accords, was negotiated between American statesman John J. McCloy and Soviet diplomat Valerian Zorin in...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/507000-The-world-government-that-wasn-t</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2026 19:18:04 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>The Middle Ages, "enlightenment," and propaganda</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506988-The-Middle-Ages-enlightenment-and-propaganda</link>
      <description>It's often seemingly hopeless to try to convince people that the Middle Ages was anything other than the caricature often found in popular culture and eighteenth-century commentary. As historian Ralph Raico has noted, other than the Industrial Revolution, there is probably no historical topic in which the general public is more propagandized and more generally wrong than the topic of the Middle Ages. Raico has described how no matter how often he told his students that medieval princes and kings were subject to the law, and constrained in their powers by a variety of religious and political institutions, his students overwhelmingly stated in exams that medieval lords ruled as autocrats. Although the general public still thinks of the Middle Ages in terms of images from popular culture, actual historians have long since moved on. This is partly why historians virtually never use the term "the Dark Ages" anymore. And if the term is used, it refers only to the early Middle Ages, due...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506988-The-Middle-Ages-enlightenment-and-propaganda</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 20 Jun 2026 19:50:58 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Stonehenge's solar alignment may be older than we thought</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506958-Stonehenges-solar-alignment-may-be-older-than-we-thought</link>
      <description>Radiocarbon dated to around 5,000 years ago, the discovery reveals evidence for the earliest known alignment with the solstice in the Stonehenge landscape. As thousands flock to Stonehenge ahead of summer solstice celebrations on June 21, a team from Wessex Archaeology led by Phil Harding has announced the discovery of an ancient structure that may have served as an early 'prototype' for the alignment with the solstice at Stonehenge. Radiocarbon dated to around 5,000 years ago, the discovery reveals evidence for the earliest known alignment with the solstice in the Stonehenge landscape, showing that ancient people were using this feat of astronomical engineering to celebrate the solstice here at least 500 years before the alignment of the stones at Stonehenge. Located 5km from Stonehenge in Bulford, Wiltshire, the site is contemporary with the earliest phase of Stonehenge when the first earthworks were built. Excavated as part of the Ministry of Defence's Army Basing Programme, the...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506958-Stonehenges-solar-alignment-may-be-older-than-we-thought</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Jun 2026 03:43:28 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>New study links Göbekli Tepe's vulture stone to Europe's Trypillia culture</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506740-New-study-links-Gobekli-Tepes-vulture-stone-to-Europes-Trypillia-culture</link>
      <description>A new study compares the carved symbolism of Göbekli Tepe's Vulture Stone with ritual imagery from the Trypillia culture, suggesting that early farming societies in Anatolia and Eastern Europe may have shared cosmological ideas about time, death, sacred space and the movement of the heavens. At Göbekli Tepe, the famous Vulture Stone has never been easy to read. Its carved birds, snakes, scorpion, abstract signs and headless human figure have inspired competing interpretations for decades. Was it a scene of death ritual, an astronomical code, a mythic narrative, or something more complex? A new study argues that the answer may not lie in choosing one explanation over another, but in seeing the pillar as part of a wider symbolic system linking architecture, timekeeping and cosmology across early farming societies. A new reading of one of Göbekli Tepe's most debated pillars The study, published in the International Journal of Culture and History by Oleksandr Zavalii, focuses on the...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506740-New-study-links-Gobekli-Tepes-vulture-stone-to-Europes-Trypillia-culture</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 07 Jun 2026 03:57:27 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Archaeologists excavating a Spanish monastery have identified the remains of a 14th-century queen</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506721-Archaeologists-excavating-a-Spanish-monastery-have-identified-the-remains-of-a-14th-century-queen</link>
      <description>The tomb of Elisenda of Montcada has long fascinated experts. But the team was surprised to learn that burials supposedly belonging to a medieval knight and abbess held entirely different individuals The tomb of Elisenda of Montcada has long fascinated experts. But the team was surprised to learn that burials supposedly belonging to a medieval knight and abbess held entirely different individuals Elisenda of Montcada founded the Royal Monastery of St. Mary of Pedralbes in 1327. She was buried there after her death in 1364. Culture Institute of Barcelona When Elisenda of Montcada, the onetime queen of the Kingdom of Aragon, died in 1364, she was buried in a marble sepulcher in what is now Barcelona, Spain. One side of the tomb pays tribute to her royal status, while the other alludes to her later years as a devout widow living in a monastic community.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506721-Archaeologists-excavating-a-Spanish-monastery-have-identified-the-remains-of-a-14th-century-queen</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2026 20:00:48 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Study details epic transportation of Stonehenge stone across ancient Britain</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506717-Study-details-epic-transportation-of-Stonehenge-stone-across-ancient-Britain</link>
      <description>New research by Curtin University has revealed how one of Stonehenge's most mysterious stones was likely transported hundreds of kilometres across Britain through challenging terrain, highlighting the remarkable capabilities of ancient communities. Stonehenge's central Altar Stone is a six-tonne sandstone megalith now believed to have originated in northeast Scotland, around 700km from Salisbury Plain, underscoring the extraordinary scale of its journey. The new study builds on earlier findings that ruled out glaciers as the sole mechanism for moving the stones, strengthening the conclusion people were responsible for transporting them across difficult terrain rather than relying on natural Ice Age processes. Researchers have now focused on what that journey may have looked like, combining mineral grain dating with ice-sheet modelling to pinpoint the stone's origin and test whether glaciers could have carried it south. Co-lead author Dr Anthony Clarke, from the Timescales of...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506717-Study-details-epic-transportation-of-Stonehenge-stone-across-ancient-Britain</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Jun 2026 18:52:52 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Ancient mega-structure discovered in Romania</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506573-Ancient-mega-structure-discovered-in-Romania</link>
      <description>Archaeologists investigating a prehistoric settlement in northeastern Romania have uncovered evidence from a massive communal building that could transform our understanding of how some of Europe's earliest large communities were organised more than 6,000 years ago. The structure, discovered at the Cucuteni settlement of Stăuceni-Holm in Botoșani County, has been identified as a rare "mega-structure" - a type of oversized building believed to have played a central role in the social, political, or ritual life of prehistoric communities. Researchers argue that the discovery may also force a reassessment of the chronology of the Cucuteni culture, one of Europe's most sophisticated prehistoric societies. The findings were published in PLOS One by a team led by Doris Mischka, Carsten Mischka, Adela Kovács, Constantin Aparaschivei and Elena Marinova. From 2021 to 2024, archaeologists conducted geophysical surveys and field investigations at the site and found around 45 houses surrounded...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506573-Ancient-mega-structure-discovered-in-Romania</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2026 17:49:36 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Ancient DNA reveals patchwork of families more than 5,000 years ago</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506532-Ancient-DNA-reveals-patchwork-of-families-more-than-5000-years-ago</link>
      <description>Children from previous relationships growing up as siblings in a new family, couples adopting or fostering children - so-called patchwork families are a widespread way of life today. It is considered modern, but is in fact ancient. This is demonstrated by the latest analyses of human genetic material from the Neolithic period. "We can show that even more than 5,000 years ago, people in Central Europe lived in communities where biological ties and social bonds were surprisingly flexible," explains Professor Ben Krause-Kyora, an expert in ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis at the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB) at Kiel University. He coordinated the study, funded by the ROOTS Cluster of Excellence, which was published today in the renowned international journal Science. Impressive and still a mystery The Neolithic period marks a fundamental turning point in human history. For the first time, communities settled down and practised agriculture and livestock farming. Between...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506532-Ancient-DNA-reveals-patchwork-of-families-more-than-5000-years-ago</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 02:37:44 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Ancient Greek theatre mask discovered in Illyrian sanctuary cave</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506500-Ancient-Greek-theatre-mask-discovered-in-Illyrian-sanctuary-cave</link>
      <description>Archaeologists have uncovered a remarkably preserved terracotta head depicting a Greek theatrical mask inside the Crno Jezero (Black Lake) cave on the Pelješac Peninsula in Croatia. Dating from the 4th to 3rd centuries BC, the hollow mask features a suspension hole at the top, suggesting it was once hung on a wall, likely as part of ritual activity associated with Dionysus, the Greek god of theatre and wine. According to archaeologist Domagoj Perkić, head of the Archaeological Museum, the discovery raises intriguing questions about the cave's religious significance and the possible worship of Dionysus or an Illyrian equivalent deity. "Thanks to their location in a hidden, intact part of the cave, the finds have remained intact and almost completely preserved, almost like a frozen image more than two thousand years old," said archaeologist Domagoj Perkić, head of the Archaeological Museum." Research conducted in 2025 revealed that the cave served multiple purposes across different...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506500-Ancient-Greek-theatre-mask-discovered-in-Illyrian-sanctuary-cave</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 24 May 2026 15:03:58 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Were the deceased cremated already in the Stone Age? The first signs of human cremation date back 100,000 years</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506489-Were-the-deceased-cremated-already-in-the-Stone-Age-The-first-signs-of-human-cremation-date-back-100000-years</link>
      <description>Researchers have possibly discovered the earliest evidence of human cremation. The findings were made in the Afar Rift in Ethiopia, one of the best preserved open air archaeological concentrations of early Homo sapiens communities. The latest discoveries by an international research team, which includes Academy Research Fellow Ferhat Kaya from the University of Oulu, offer a detailed view of how early humans lived, moved, and adapted to their environment 100,000 years ago. The group has been studying the Afar Rift since 1981. Significant fossils were found in the area, including remains of Homo sapiens individuals, among them bones that had been burned at high temperatures. This may indicate cremation and could represent the earliest known evidence of human cremation. The remains also showed bite marks from predators and signs of sudden burial. The study further shows that local hydrological factors — such as the flood cycles of the ancient Awash River — influenced human life more...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506489-Were-the-deceased-cremated-already-in-the-Stone-Age-The-first-signs-of-human-cremation-date-back-100000-years</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 23 May 2026 16:56:46 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Study reveals one of world's first cities prospered as wealth-gap shrank</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506403-Study-reveals-one-of-worlds-first-cities-prospered-as-wealth-gap-shrank</link>
      <description>New research reveals that the 4,000-year-old city of Mohenjo-daro defied the 'rules' of history by becoming more equal as it became more successful. For decades, historians have generally agreed that the progress of small villages as they evolved into cities came at the price of widening inequality. A small group of leaders, Kings and priests, would inevitably seize control of the wealth and the gap between rich and poor would grow. But a new study at the University of York delves into the archaeology of Mohenjo-daro, the Indus civilisation's largest city, and shows the opposite was true. By analysing house sizes across the ancient city, researchers found that Mohenjo-daro was not only more equal than its neighbours in Mesopotamia and Greece, but it actually became more egalitarian over time. Entirely different The lead author, Dr Adam Green from the University of York's Department of Archaeology and Department of Environment and Geography, said: "Legacy data from the ancient city...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506403-Study-reveals-one-of-worlds-first-cities-prospered-as-wealth-gap-shrank</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 18:19:34 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Neanderthal molar from Siberia points to possible dental treatment 59,000 years ago</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506333-Neanderthal-molar-from-Siberia-points-to-possible-dental-treatment-59000-years-ago</link>
      <description>A damaged Neanderthal tooth from Siberia may contain the earliest known evidence of dental treatment, according to a study published in *PLOS One*. Researchers examined a lower molar recovered from Chagyrskaya Cave in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia. The tooth, labelled Chagyrskaya 64, belonged to an adult Neanderthal who lived roughly 59,000 years ago. What caught the attention of researchers was a large cavity cut deep into the chewing surface of the molar. After analysing the tooth under microscopes and carrying out CT scans and drilling experiments, the team concluded the hole was probably made deliberately using a sharp stone tool. The cavity reaches into the pulp chamber and contains a series of grooves and microscopic scratches that the researchers say are difficult to explain through natural wear alone. "The morphology of the depression suggests intensive dentin removal," the authors wrote, arguing that the work was likely aimed at exposing or clearing diseased...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506333-Neanderthal-molar-from-Siberia-points-to-possible-dental-treatment-59000-years-ago</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 19:34:30 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>There is a long history of members of Congress calling out Israel's nuclear arsenal. It is now time to take action</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506328-There-is-a-long-history-of-members-of-Congress-calling-out-Israels-nuclear-arsenal-It-is-now-time-to-take-action</link>
      <description>Rep. Joaquin Castro's recent letter calling on the Trump administration to acknowledge Israel's nuclear arsenal joins a long history of members of Congress addressing the taboo topic. It is now time to take action and end the official silence. Last week, Rep. Joaquin Castro (D-TX), a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, led a Dear Colleague letter, signed by 30 Members of Congress, to Secretary of State Marco Rubio demanding that the Trump administration be transparent about Israel's nuclear arsenal. The letter forthrightly states that the "public record strongly and consistently supports the conclusion that Israel possesses nuclear weapons."</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506328-There-is-a-long-history-of-members-of-Congress-calling-out-Israels-nuclear-arsenal-It-is-now-time-to-take-action</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 19:17:38 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Did you know the US and Israel helped create Iran's nuclear project? Here's the story</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506306-Did-you-know-the-US-and-Israel-helped-create-Irans-nuclear-project-Heres-the-story</link>
      <description>From research reactors and Western contracts to blockades and threats of war, Iran's nuclear history is also a history of Western reversal. What's 3,000 people killed in Iran, 2,020 killed in Lebanon, 23 in Israel, and more than a dozen in Gulf states after the US launched its war against Iran? "A little Middle East work" that's going "very well," US President Donald Trump said at the White House last week during a state dinner for King Charles. Trump's 'little work', which involved significant casualties in the region without a clearly defined objective at the outset, was later framed as serving the purpose of ensuring: "Americans and their children would not be threatened by a nuclear-armed Iran. We have militarily defeated that particular opponent, and we're never going to let that opponent ever - Charles agrees with me even more than I do - we're never going to let that opponent have a nuclear weapon." Will Charles help Donald make sure there's nothing - and no one - to allow...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506306-Did-you-know-the-US-and-Israel-helped-create-Irans-nuclear-project-Heres-the-story</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 19:12:02 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>260 Monumental tombs older than Egypt's pyramids discovered in the Sahara</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506294-260-Monumental-tombs-older-than-Egypts-pyramids-discovered-in-the-Sahara</link>
      <description>In the dry lands between the Nile and the Red Sea, hundreds of stone circles are rewriting what archaeologists know about life in the Eastern Sahara before the rise of pharaonic Egypt. A new archaeological study has identified 260 previously unknown monumental tombs in the Atbai Desert, a vast and still poorly explored region stretching across eastern Sudan between the Nubian Nile and the Red Sea Hills. The structures, known as Atbai Enclosure Burials, appear to belong to a mobile pastoralist culture that flourished during the fourth and third millennia BC, with some related examples reaching back even earlier. That makes the earliest phases of this funerary tradition older than Egypt's pyramids, built centuries later on the Nile Valley's western edge. But these were not royal tombs of stone-cut corridors and written names. They were circular monuments in the desert, built by herding communities whose wealth moved on four legs. A desert cemetery visible from space The discovery was...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506294-260-Monumental-tombs-older-than-Egypts-pyramids-discovered-in-the-Sahara</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 02:24:25 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Hall of Records theories explode as CIA doc mentioning 'temple under Sphinx' found</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506257-Hall-of-Records-theories-explode-as-CIA-doc-mentioning-temple-under-Sphinx-found</link>
      <description>The location of an ancient library believed to lie beneath Egypt's Great Sphinx has long been one of archaeology's greatest mysteries. Now, a resurfaced CIA document from 1952 is reigniting speculation surrounding the legendary Hall of Records after a cryptic reference to a 'temple under Sphinx' was found inside a Cold War-era photographic inventory. The Hall of Records legend has fascinated the public for nearly a century, with some claiming the mythical archive contains ancient texts, maps and evidence of a lost civilization that predated recorded history. The 10-page CIA file, dated November 20, 1952, is titled 'Presentation Form for Graphic Material' and appears to catalog 11 rolls of black-and-white photographic negatives taken between July and December 1950.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506257-Hall-of-Records-theories-explode-as-CIA-doc-mentioning-temple-under-Sphinx-found</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 16:14:31 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Prehistoric discovery in North America older than Egypt's Great Pyramid rewrites human history</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506180-Prehistoric-discovery-in-North-America-older-than-Egypts-Great-Pyramid-rewrites-human-history</link>
      <description>An ancient Indigenous settlement older than Egypt's Great Pyramid by more than 6,000 years is reshaping what archaeologists thought they knew about early North American civilization. Archaeologists uncovered the 11,000-year-old site near Saskatchewan in western Canada, saying it confirms that highly organized societies existed in the region far earlier than previously believed. Excavations uncovered stone tools, fire pits and toolmaking materials, suggesting the area was a long-term settlement rather than a temporary hunting camp. Charcoal layers also indicate that early Indigenous inhabitants practiced controlled fire management, aligning with longstanding oral traditions.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506180-Prehistoric-discovery-in-North-America-older-than-Egypts-Great-Pyramid-rewrites-human-history</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 16:27:13 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>CIA Ran MK-Ultra Experiments on Korean Prisoners of War in US Custody, Declassified Docs Confirm</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506097-CIA-Ran-MK-Ultra-Experiments-on-Korean-Prisoners-of-War-in-US-Custody-Declassified-Docs-Confirm</link>
      <description>Korean prisoners of war in the 1950s were subjected to early MK-ULTRA experiments while in American custody, according to recently declassified CIA documents which confirm these experiments for the first time. The only reporting that previously referenced Koreans being used as guinea pigs for these experiments was journalist John Marks's landmark 1979 book, The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate. Using CIA documents, Marks traced the now-infamous MK-ULTRA project to its start, when it was known as Project Bluebird. In the book, Marks describes how, in October 1950, 25 unnamed North Korean POWs were chosen as the first test subjects to receive "advanced" interrogation techniques, with the overt goal of "controlling an individual to the point where he will do our bidding against his will and even against such fundamental laws of nature as self-preservation." While MK-ULTRA is best known for its invasive experimentation — like LSD dosing and torture — the documents confirm Korean...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506097-CIA-Ran-MK-Ultra-Experiments-on-Korean-Prisoners-of-War-in-US-Custody-Declassified-Docs-Confirm</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 20:52:46 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>On humanity's earliest attempts to make a home</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506096-On-humanitys-earliest-attempts-to-make-a-home</link>
      <description>Stefan Al considers the architectural prowess of our prehistoric ancestors In 1753, the Jesuit priest Marc-Antoine Laugier described the origin of dwelling by imagining a lone "savage" troubled by nature's extremes. This "primitive man," seeking refuge from scorching heat and torrential rain, initially fled to a cave but found it too dark and filled with "foul air." Upon leaving the cave, he embarks on a mission. "Resolved to make good by his ingenuity the careless neglect of nature," Laugier writes, "he wants to make himself a dwelling." As Laugier's story continues, the man wanders through a forest, stumbles upon fallen branches, and has an epiphany. "He chooses four of the strongest, raises them upright and arranges them in a square." With surprising engineering intuition, he lays four more branches across their tops to create a frame. He then crowns it with a pitched triangle, making a roof truss, and covers it "with leaves so closely packed that neither sun nor rain can...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506096-On-humanitys-earliest-attempts-to-make-a-home</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 20:50:07 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>13-year-old boy finds ancient Greek bronze coin in a Berlin field</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506047-13-year-old-boy-finds-ancient-Greek-bronze-coin-in-a-Berlin-field</link>
      <description>Minted in Troy in the third century B.C.E., the object might have been buried as a gift to the dead. Archaeologists don't know exactly how it ended up in modern-day Germany When a 13-year-old schoolboy discovered a small coin in a field on the outskirts of Berlin, he knew that he'd stumbled onto something special. But it wasn't until scholars analyzed the object that they realized its true significance. Minted in the third century B.C.E. in the city of Troy, located in what is now western Turkey, the bronze coin is the first ancient Greek artifact ever unearthed in the German capital. The teenager showed his find to researchers during a November 2025 visit to Petri Berlin, an interactive archaeology lab built atop the foundations of a medieval-era Latin school. "Nobody knew exactly what it was because it was so small," Jens Henker, an archaeologist with the Berlin Heritage Authority, tells Smithsonian magazine. "That it was something old was clear."</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506047-13-year-old-boy-finds-ancient-Greek-bronze-coin-in-a-Berlin-field</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2026 19:48:02 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>A mysterious 4000-year-old 'lost' writing system has finally been decoded, in a modern 'Rosetta Stone' breakthrough</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/506042-A-mysterious-4000-year-old-lost-writing-system-has-finally-been-decoded-in-a-modern-Rosetta-Stone-breakthrough</link>
      <description>An ancient Iranian mystery has finally been solved, according to a French archaeologist who reports successfully cracking the code to an enigmatic, undeciphered writing system. Known as Linear Elamite, the 4000-year-old script — once considered impossible to decode — has now been unlocked by François Desset, in an achievement that has drawn comparisons to Jean-François Champollion's famous deciphering of the enigmatic Rosetta Stone. Desset, a 43-year-old archaeological researcher based at the University of Liege in Belgium, says the remarkable ancient script is the only truly "local" writing system from the country's early history, which is currently embattled. Others that have been used there over the millennia — from cuneiform to the Arabic and Greek alphabets — all have Western origins. The Enigma of Linear Elamite Originally discovered more than a century ago during archaeological reconnaissance at the Iranian Susa site, Desset's first encounters with the ancient script...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/506042-A-mysterious-4000-year-old-lost-writing-system-has-finally-been-decoded-in-a-modern-Rosetta-Stone-breakthrough</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2026 17:22:04 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>New discoveries at 12,000-year-old Karahantepe: Human statues, animal carvings, and surprising diet uncovered</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505983-New-discoveries-at-12000-year-old-Karahantepe-Human-statues-animal-carvings-and-surprising-diet-uncovered</link>
      <description>In southeastern Türkiye, a prehistoric landscape continues to reshape how we understand the origins of settled life. At Karahantepe, archaeologists have uncovered a growing body of evidence pointing to a sophisticated Neolithic community — one that combined symbolic art, architectural planning, and surprisingly diverse dietary practices nearly 12,000 years ago. Recent findings from ongoing excavations indicate that the site was not only a center of ritual expression but also a place where early humans developed complex relationships with their environment. Three-dimensional human sculptures, detailed animal depictions, and new data on food consumption are now offering a more complete picture of daily life during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period. Monumental Architecture and Symbolic Expression Karahantepe forms part of the broader Taş Tepeler Project, one of the most ambitious archaeological research initiatives in Türkiye's modern history. Over the past seven years, excavations in...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505983-New-discoveries-at-12000-year-old-Karahantepe-Human-statues-animal-carvings-and-surprising-diet-uncovered</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Apr 2026 05:26:31 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>5 ways ancient Persia has shaped our modern world</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505964-5-ways-ancient-Persia-has-shaped-our-modern-world</link>
      <description>From landscaped gardens to road systems, the Persians were among the first to create many things we still enjoy today. It's often said that history is written by the winners. But when you look back on the ancient world, it's more accurate to say that history is written by historians. Although China has a strong claim, many tend to cite ancient Greece as the birthplace of history as a discipline. In Herodotus and Thucydides, we see the origins of the historical method — a vaguely reputable attempt to document events, and not a somewhat-historical imaginarium of magical beasts, bored gods, and local heroes. And how did the Greeks use their histories? Well, to slander their enemies. In Greek "history," we see the Persian Empire as a place of dissolute, depraved, decadent demons who sought only the death and enslavement of all civilized peoples. This vilification of the Persian Empire continued through two millennia of Eurocentric education - a "whig" historical account which went from...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505964-5-ways-ancient-Persia-has-shaped-our-modern-world</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 22:03:17 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Researcher blows lid on discovery which could PROVE Noah's Ark was real</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505951-Researcher-blows-lid-on-discovery-which-could-PROVE-Noahs-Ark-was-real</link>
      <description>A leading researcher has blown the lid on his work which could prove Noah's Ark was real. Andrew Jones, of Noah's Ark Scans, has been studying a rock formation on Turkey's Mount Ararat for years. The ancient rocks, first discovered in 1959, lie around 6,500 feet above sea level and resemble a boat. They measure 515 feet long - matching the dimensions described in Genesis chapter six, using Egyptian cubits. But "exciting" new findings, Mr Jones says, could prove the biblical accounts to be true. After carrying out new ground-penetrating radar (GPR) scans and taking soil samples from the site, researchers have uncovered a series of "corridors" below the earth which could add further weight to the mythical boat.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505951-Researcher-blows-lid-on-discovery-which-could-PROVE-Noahs-Ark-was-real</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 26 Apr 2026 17:43:29 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Archaeologists make 'remarkable' discovery from bloodiest battle in Scottish history after nearly 280 years</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505939-Archaeologists-make-remarkable-discovery-from-bloodiest-battle-in-Scottish-history-after-nearly-280-years</link>
      <description>Archaeologists found the unexploded 5.5-inch shell, announced the find on battle's 280th anniversary Archaeologists have uncovered a mortar shell from the bloodiest battle in Scotland's history — a shell that never detonated. The National Trust for Scotland (NTS) announced in mid-April that its archaeologists had found a mortar shell at Culloden Battlefield, just outside Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. The Battle of Culloden was fought on April 16, 1746, when a Jacobite force led by Charles Edward Stuart — known as Bonnie Prince Charlie — clashed with troops loyal to King George II. In under an hour, the Jacobites were crushed, ending any serious bid to restore the Stuart monarchy. Culloden remains the last large-scale pitched battle fought on British soil.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505939-Archaeologists-make-remarkable-discovery-from-bloodiest-battle-in-Scottish-history-after-nearly-280-years</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2026 20:04:39 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>1,000-year-old lost city of Toru-Aygyr discovered in Kyrgyzstan lake</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505930-1000-year-old-lost-city-of-Toru-Aygyr-discovered-in-Kyrgyzstan-lake</link>
      <description>Underwater archaeologists diving in one of the world's deepest lakes think they've found something remarkable. They believe Lake Issyk-Kul has hidden the secrets of a prominent medieval Silk Road trading city since a massive earthquake in the 15th century. The lake, located in modern-day Kyrgyzstan, likely overtook the ancient Toru-Aygyr city after an earthquake changed the local landscape. In 2025, an international team of divers found several traces of the city, which indicate links to both a Turkic dynasty and Islamic rule. Diving down to a maximum of 13 feet deep into the lake, the team discovered buildings made of brick, the remains of a stone millstone likely used for grinding grain into flour, and a Muslim burial ground, as well as remains of additional wooden structures and plenty of ceramic artifacts.</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505930-1000-year-old-lost-city-of-Toru-Aygyr-discovered-in-Kyrgyzstan-lake</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2026 16:33:22 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>Scientists discover who created Kenya's 9,000-year-old rock paintings</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505921-Scientists-discover-who-created-Kenyas-9000-year-old-rock-paintings</link>
      <description>A major breakthrough in African archaeology has revealed who created one of East Africa's most enigmatic rock art sites. At Kakapel Rockshelter in western Kenya, researchers have reconstructed a nearly 9,000-year-long visual record — linking ancient paintings to specific human communities for the first time. The discovery, published in Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, combines high-precision rock art recording, archaeological excavation, and ancient DNA analysis to unlock a question that has long challenged researchers: who made these paintings, and when? A Rare Case Where Rock Art Meets Genetics Rock art is notoriously difficult to date. Even more challenging is identifying the people behind it. At Kakapel, however, scientists had a rare advantage. They could directly compare painted layers on rock surfaces with excavated human remains and genetic data from the same site. The result is one of the clearest chronological frameworks ever established for African rock art....</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505921-Scientists-discover-who-created-Kenyas-9000-year-old-rock-paintings</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 25 Apr 2026 03:55:41 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>42 lost pages of the new testament manuscript discovered</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505907-42-lost-pages-of-the-new-testament-manuscript-discovered</link>
      <description>An international team of academics led by Professor Garrick Allen at the University of Glasgow has successfully recovered 42 lost pages from one of the world's most important early New Testament manuscripts: Codex H. The manuscript, a 6th-century copy of the Letters of St Paul, was lost to history when it was disassembled at the Great Lavra Monastery on Mount Athos, Greece, in the 13th century. Its pages were re-inked and reused as binding material and flyleaves for multiple other manuscripts. Today, the surviving fragments are scattered across libraries in Italy, Greece, Russia, Ukraine, and France. Professor Garrick Allen explains the process that led to the discovery:"The breakthrough came from an important starting point: we knew that at one point, the manuscript was re-inked. The chemicals in the new ink caused 'offset' damage to facing pages, essentially creating a mirror image of the text on the opposite leaf - sometimes leaving traces several pages deep, barely visible to...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505907-42-lost-pages-of-the-new-testament-manuscript-discovered</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 17:58:09 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>The sinister convergence of Klaus Schwab's "Great Reset" with the Vatican and "Liberation Theology"</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505856-The-sinister-convergence-of-Klaus-Schwabs-Great-Reset-with-the-Vatican-and-Liberation-Theology</link>
      <description>Amid the 2020 global covid lockdowns and economic dislocations it has caused, Klaus Schwab, a previously low-profile founder of a Swiss-based business forum, emerged on the world stage calling for what he called a Great Reset of the entire world economy, using the pandemic as driver. He even published a book in July 2020 outlining his blueprint. It has been rightly called a technocratic society with global top-down central planning. Schwab uses global warming fears and the plight of the world's poor to justify what is in effect a plan for global totalitarianism where, as the Davos website puts it, nobody will own anything. What is not well-known is the fact that the inspiration for Schwab's dystopian plans comes from a Catholic bishop whom he met in Brazil in the 1970's. That bishop links Schwab's vast globalist network with the powerful political influence of the present Pope Francis. Far from a traditional Catholic priest, this bishop was known as the "Red Bishop" and endorsed...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505856-The-sinister-convergence-of-Klaus-Schwabs-Great-Reset-with-the-Vatican-and-Liberation-Theology</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2026 18:22:37 +0000</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>Archaeologists find Iliad 'Catalog of Ships' papyrus inside Egyptian mummy</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505830-Archaeologists-find-Iliad-Catalog-of-Ships-papyrus-inside-Egyptian-mummy</link>
      <description>Archaeologists working at the ancient site of Oxyrhynchus in Egypt's Minya Governorate have uncovered a Roman-era burial that combines rare funerary objects with an unexpected literary find: a papyrus fragment from Homer's Iliad concealed inside a mummy. A Spanish-Egyptian excavation team working at the ancient site of Oxyrhynchus (modern-day El-Bahnasa) has uncovered a Roman-era necropolis containing mummies adorned with golden tongue amulets. The discovery was announced by Egypt's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, highlighting it as one of the most significant recent finds in Middle Egypt. The excavation was led by researchers from the University of Barcelona and the Institute of the Ancient Near East, under the direction of Dr. Maite Mascort and Dr. Esther Pons Mellado. A Rare Blend of Egyptian and Greek Traditions The newly uncovered tomb complex dates to the Roman period and lies east of a previously identified Ptolemaic tomb known as Tomb 67. Archaeologists opened a trench...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505830-Archaeologists-find-Iliad-Catalog-of-Ships-papyrus-inside-Egyptian-mummy</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 04:03:02 +0000</pubDate>
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      <title>4,000-year-old clay tablets inscribed with magical spells... and beer tabs</title>
      <link>https://www.sott.net/article/505731-4000-year-old-clay-tablets-inscribed-with-magical-spells-and-beer-tabs</link>
      <description>For over 100 years, the National Museum has housed a large collection of inscribed tablets from the earliest civilisations of the Middle East - many over 4,000 years old and written in languages that are now extinct. The tablets have led a quiet existence, but now researchers have deciphered them and discovered fascinating texts about magic, kings and good old-fashioned bureaucracy. Around 5,200 years ago, people from ancient cultures in Iraq and Syria began carving characters onto clay tablets. This new system of communication gradually made it possible to develop advanced urban societies with complex administrative systems. Over the course of 100 years, the National Museum has built up a large collection of these early historical sources, written in cuneiform script in languages long since extinct. The collection has not been studied in recent times, but now researchers from the museum and the University of Copenhagen have, for the first time, analysed, identified and digitised...</description>
      <guid>https://www.sott.net/article/505731-4000-year-old-clay-tablets-inscribed-with-magical-spells-and-beer-tabs</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2026 17:23:30 +0000</pubDate>
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