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Artificial skin developed by scientist to enhance virtual reality

French scientists have developed an artificial skin that can enhance virtual reality. In addition, the skin may have a medical use, helping with patient rehabilitation after a person has suffered from serious burning.
Artificial Skin
© GenoskinGenoskin’s human skin models provide an excellent alternative to animal testing, as they contain no animal components.
Researchers based at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne are constructing a soft artificial skin, designed to give haptic (any form of interaction involving touch) feedback. Special sensors, made up of soft electrodes and fashioned of a liquid-solid gallium mixture, enable haptic feedback to be adjusted in real time, providing a near-continuous representation of 'touch'.

Furthermore, through a type of self-sensing mechanism the skin has the potential to instantaneously adapt to a wearer's movements. This is possible via soft sensors and actuators which permit the artificial skin to conform to the precise shape of a wearer's wrist.

Nebula

Where do black holes lead and if you enter one, where do you go?

Black Hole illustration
© All About SpaceWhere does a black hole go?
So there you are, about to leap into a black hole. What could possibly await should — against all odds — you somehow survive? Where would you end up and what tantalizing tales would you be able to regale if you managed to clamor your way back?

The simple answer to all of these questions is, as Professor Richard Massey explains, "Who knows?" As a Royal Society research fellow at the Institute for Computational Cosmology at Durham University, Massey is fully aware that the mysteries of black holes run deep. "Falling through an event horizon is literally passing beyond the veil — once someone falls past it, nobody could ever send a message back," he said. "They'd be ripped to pieces by the enormous gravity, so I doubt anyone falling through would get anywhere."

If that sounds like a disappointing — and painful — answer, then it is to be expected. Ever since Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity was considered to have predicted black holes by linking space-time with the action of gravity, it has been known that black holes result from the death of a massive star leaving behind a small, dense remnant core. Assuming this core has more than roughly three-times the mass of the sun, gravity would overwhelm to such a degree that it would fall in on itself into a single point, or singularity, understood to be the black hole's infinitely dense core.

Pi

Battle of the obvious: The mathematicians with the chutzpah to argue that math really exists

math
Memory plays tricks, but I think I remember this moment quite well. It was 2 years after my Baccalauréat. In the midst of a massive ingestion of math and physics in "prépa", I could not help thinking about it all after classes. My thoughts that night were on the laws governing electric and magnetic fields. The so-called Maxwell's equations. They involve a mathematical arsenal called "partial derivatives", discovered by Newton and Leibniz in the seventeenth century.

Lost in my Maxwellian dreams, I started to wonder: "How is it that abstract mathematical tools developed over millennia are suddenly perfectly adapted to describe something real?"

I soon learned that I was far from being the first to wonder about this. Had not Galileo written centuries ago that "the book of nature is written in the language of mathematics"?

Albert Einstein also asked [1]:
"How can it be that mathematics, being after all a product of human thought which is independent of experience, is so admirably appropriate to the objects of reality?"
Finally, Eugène Wigner, physics Nobel in 1963, wrote in 1960 a text which title is as famous as explicit: The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences.

Comment: Uncommon Descent comment:
The "formalist" idea that math doesn't really exist helps account for Big Brother's world in which 2+2=5 if the Party says so.

So okay, if math really exists, it undermines a great deal of the nonsense barked about consciousness as an evolved illusion. That is, if consciousness enables us to apprehend what really exists, there is good reason for believing that consciousness itself exists.



Nebula

What could go wrong?! Physicists are creating lasers that would be powerful enough to rip holes in the fabric of reality

CERN Hadron Collider
New technology could allow a high-velocity laser to pierce "through [the] fabric of the Universe."

People generally balk at the idea of scientists experimenting with and manipulating certain pillars of physical reality, whether that be gene splicing, artificial intelligence, or nuclear fusion.

But in the last couple of decades, a new twist on this modern Island of Dr. Moreau-style narrative has surfaced in the form of scientists experimenting on high-velocity elementary particles (such as the CERN Hadron Collider) and other quantum enigmas.

Laser physicists recently chortled "hold my beer" in announcing that they are developing a laser so powerful it can shred all matter, including the very electrons and nuclei that constitute the fabric of reality itself.

Earlier this month, the physics journal Physical Review Letters published a paper discussing how new technology could allow a high-velocity laser to pierce "through [the] fabric of the Universe." The trick, according to a researcher at the Université Paris-Saclay, is to anchor and focus the laser using a mirror made of plasma.

Telescope

Unexpected observation: Scientists watch a black hole shredding a star

accretion disk around black hole
© NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterThis illustration shows a tidal disruption, which occurs when a passing star gets too close to a black hole and is torn apart into a stream of gas. Some of the gas eventually settles into a structure around the black hole called an accretion disk.
A NASA satellite searching space for new planets gave astronomers an unexpected glimpse at a black hole ripping a star to shreds.

It is one of the most detailed looks yet at the phenomenon, called a tidal disruption event (or TDE), and the first for NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (more commonly called TESS.)

The milestone was reached with the help of a worldwide network of robotic telescopes headquartered at The Ohio State University called ASAS-SN (All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae). Astronomers from the Carnegie Observatories, Ohio State and others published their findings today in The Astrophysical Journal.

Patrick Vallely, a co-author of the study and National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow at Ohio State:
"We've been closely monitoring the regions of the sky where TESS is observing with our ASAS-SN telescopes, but we were very lucky with this event in that the patch of the sky where TESS is continuously observing is small, and in that this happened to be one of the brightest TDEs we've seen.

"Due to the quick ASAS-SN discovery and the incredible TESS data, we were able to see this TDE much earlier than we've seen others — it gives us some new insight into how TDEs form."

Meteor

Pure hubris: NASA investing in 'planetary defense' to detect, deflect city-killing asteroids

NASA DART program
© Fox News
NASA has doubled what it is spending to help detect and possibly deflect asteroids on a collision course with Earth.

Next year, the U.S. space agency plans to spend $150 million on its so-called "planetary defense" programs. Some of the money would be going to develop systems to detect asteroids and comets like the football-field-sized space rock that zipped past the Earth this summer at 55,000 mph. It was only spotted by astronomers 24-hours after it passed by.

This close, passing asteroid was characterized as a "city killer" by Swinburne University astronomy professor Alan Duffy. If it had been on a collision course, it would have crashed into the Earth with more than 30 times the energy of the atomic blast at Hiroshima, the Sydney Morning Herald reported. NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine likened it to the meteor that struck Chelyabinsk, Russia, in 2013.

Even though NASA missed this relatively small asteroid, the agency is "really good at characterizing, cataloging and tracking objects that are one kilometer or larger, which is the type of object that could damage the Earth permanently, Bridenstine said. But NASA is investing in capabilities to discover these smaller objects.

Comet 2

Hunting asteroids: NASA's Planetary Defense budget grew 4000% in 10 years

asteroid earth
© Photo: Science Photo Library / ANDRZEJ WOJCICKI / Getty ImagesIt wasn't the arguments that changed, it was the politics.
In 2005, Congress passed a bill requiring NASA to find and track at least 90% of all near-Earth objects (NEOs) 140 meters or larger by 2020. It was a significant step toward protecting the planet from potential asteroid impacts, but it had a major flaw: Congress neglected to specify funding for the new mandate. As a consequence, NASA's NEO survey effort was sidelined for years; as of January 2019, only 40% of the total estimated population of hazardous asteroids 140 meters and larger had been found. Meeting the 2020 mandate is now impossible.

For five years after the 2005 law, NEO survey efforts at NASA limped along with an annual budget of less than $4 million per year — roughly 0.02% of the space agency's total expenditures and less than the travel budget for employees at NASA headquarters. This money supported observation time on ground-based telescopes around the world — an important but ultimately inadequate method for detecting the extremely faint signatures of near-Earth objects.

Comment: As noted in Earth enters densest stream of deadly Taurid meteor cluster this June:
[...] scientists have identified more than 90 percent of the objects large enough to cause a global-scale disaster.

But moving down the size scale, the census is far spottier. Only about 30 percent of medium-size objects - 140 meters (460 feet) in diameter or larger - have been spotted. And she said only about 1 percent of objects have been found that are the size of the Tunguska impactor, which was about 40 meters (130 feet) in diameter. She said she welcomed the idea of a special effort to look for objects during the Taurid swarm in June.
And if something even as small as the Tunguska asteroid struck over a major city it would cause mass mortality; the situation could be particularly dire if it was part of a swarm.

For more on the current threat, see: And for an idea on the previous cataclysms humanity has endured: Also check out SOTT radio's:


Microscope 2

Extremophile worm discovered that has 'three sexes'

nematode
© CaltechThis newly discovered species of nematode is considered an extremophile--it thrives under high-salt, high-pH, arsenic-rich conditions that are otherwise hostile to life. But it is surprisingly versatile because it can also live in "normal" conditions in the laboratory.
Caltech scientists have discovered a new species of worm thriving in the extreme environment of Mono Lake. This new species, temporarily dubbed Auanema sp., has three different sexes, can survive 500 times the lethal human dose of arsenic, and carries its young inside its body like a kangaroo.


Comment: Science alert provides more detail on this 'three sexes' business:
When it comes to differentiation of the sexes, nematode species usually keep it simple, dividing into hermaphrodites and males. But Auanema sp. also has worms of the female sex. Furthermore, they have other interesting sex characteristics, as the researchers note "the arrangement of genital papillae in Auanema sp. males is unique in the genus."

Comment: See also:


Galaxy

Big world around tiny star throws theory of planet formation in a spin

star planet
© CARMENES/RenderArea/J. Bollaín/C. GallegoJupiter-like planet with a blueish colour orbiting a cool red dwarf.
A giant world discovered around a tiny star is putting a new spin on how planets form.

Astronomers reported Thursday they've found a Jupiter-like planet orbiting a star that's a mere 12% the mass of our sun. There may even be another big gas planet lurking in this system 31 light-years away.

The Spanish-led team wrote in the journal Science that the newly confirmed planet did not form the usual, gradual way, where a solid core of merging particles takes shape before a gas buildup. Instead, in a surprise to scientists, the planet seems to have arisen straight from gas.

Lead author Juan Carlos Morales of the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia said the planet may be almost as big as its star. A year there is about 200 days.

Comment: Check out Did Earth 'Steal' Martian Water? for more insight on planet 'formation'. It's notable that there have been an increasing number of discoveries calling into question the mainstream understanding of how planets come to be: Also check out SOTT radio's:


Brain

Resist the Borg! Facebook buys mind-reading startup for $1BN

CTRL Labs
© CTRL-LabsCTRL-Labs says it is 'building a world where computers are natural extensions of thought and movement'
Facebook has acquired neural interface startup CTRL-Labs in a deal expected to be worth around $1 billion (£800m).

The US-based startup joins Facebook Reality Labs, the social media giant's augmented and virtual reality division, with the idea of bringing its mind-reading technology into consumer products.

It is Facebook's biggest acquisition since it bought virtual reality startup Oculus VR in 2014 for $2bn, and reinforces Facebook's commitment to developing hardware.

Comment: The most apparent issue here is Facebook's continued encroachment into people's private lives, and now even more deeply into their psyche and physiology. People have willingly dismantled their boundaries of what they allow to be seen and taken of themselves, as though such things never had much value in the first place. And now, people are gradually being steered to integrate this technology into their bodies as an extension of their nervous system. Facebook isn't going to all of the sudden change and become some beneficent organization. It's lust for control and dominance is just being integrated further and further into the mind of everyday people.