
More than 15,000 civilians were killed by explosive weapons in 2017, a jump of 42% in a year, according to a global survey seen by the Guardian.
The rise - driven by airstrikes, which killed almost double the number of civilians in 2017 compared with the previous year - coincided with US-led military operations to reclaim the Islamic State strongholds of Mosul, in Iraq, and Raqqa, in Syria.
MPs said the figures were "deeply concerning" and raised questions over the transparency of legal criteria used by the Ministry of Defence to determine whether an individual is an Isis combatant.
The UK has said it has no credible evidence of its airstrikes resulting in civilian deaths, while the US military has revealed it unintentionally killed at least 801 civilians in Syria and Iraq.
The global survey, compiled by Action on Armed Violence, an organization that highlights civilian harm from explosive weapons, suggests the civilian death toll from air-launched explosives rose by 82%, from 4,902 in 2016, to 8,932 in 2017.












Comment: McMaster is delusional. "Early signs" of Russian interference means that Russian media have written at least one article on the upcoming Mexican elections. "Sophisticated campaigns of subversion and disinformation and propaganda" mean that Russian media have brought attention to the same issues that election candidates have brought attention to. "Polarizing democratic societies" means writing about polarizing issues that the societies and politicians in question are responsible for polarizing in the first place.