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Sound waves used to levitate small objects

Sound wave Levitation
© Pixabay
Researchers from the UK and Spain have developed a device that can simultaneously levitate individual objects ranging from micrometers to centimeters in size in different directions using only sound waves.

"Acoustic levitation," the ability to move particles using only sound waves, has been explored by researchers for years, but until now it has only been able to move small objects along one axis at a time.

In a study published this week in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers dubbed their technique "holographic acoustic tweezers" in homage to its likely use cases. They say their device could be used to manipulate tiny biomedical devices inside the human body without invasive surgery or to do advanced manufacturing at incredibly small scales.


When a normal sound wave is produced, it has peaks and valleys. If you imagine a particle riding along that wave, it would ride along the peaks and valleys from point A to point B. A standing wave, by contrast, is produced when a wave is reflected off of something back toward itself, or is offset by a second wave.

Comet 2

New Comet C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)

CBET 4588 & MPEC 2018-Y52, issued on 2018, Dec. 20, announce the discovery of a comet (magnitude ~12) by M. Iwamoto (MPC code 872) in images taken on 2018 Dec 18.8. The new comet has been designated C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto).

I performed follow-up measurements of this object, while it was still on the PCCP webpage. Stacking of 5 unfiltered exposures, 20 seconds each, obtained remotely on 2018, December 20.5 from H06 (T20 - iTelescope network) through a 0.1-m f/5.0 astrograph + CCD, shows that this object is a comet with a diffuse coma about 1.5 arcmin in diameter and sharp central condensation.

My confirmation image (click on it for a bigger version)
Comet C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
© Remanzacco Blogspot
MPEC 2018-Y52 assigns the following preliminary parabolic orbital elements to comet C/2018 Y1: T 2019 Jan. 27.16; e= 1.0; Peri. = 354.05; q = 1.14; Incl.= 160.69

Saturn

Water in Saturn's rings surprisingly like that on Earth, except for moon Phoebe

saturn phoebe
© NASA, JPL, VIMS Team, ISS Team, U. Arizona, D. Machacek, U. LeicesterAbove image lower left: Cassini VIMS infrared view of Saturn. Blue is infrared light where water ice reflects relatively brightly. Red is longer wavelength thermal emission showing heat from deep inside the planet. Green is infrared wavelengths where aurora emit light. Above image upper right: Phoebe in visible light. Phoebe is very dark, like charcoal whereas the rings are very bright in visible light like slightly dirty snow. Phoebe is not to scale relative to Saturn.
By developing a new method for measuring isotopic ratios of water and carbon dioxide remotely, scientists have found that the water in Saturn's rings and satellites is unexpectedly like water on the Earth, except on Saturn's moon Phoebe, where the water is more unusual than on any other object so far studied in the Solar System.

The results, found in the Icarus paper "Isotopic Ratios of Saturn's Rings and Satellites: Implications for the Origin of Water and Phoebe" by Planetary Science Institute Senior Scientist Roger N. Clark, also mean we need to change models of the formation of the Solar System because the new results are in conflict with existing models. Robert H. Brown (U. Arizona), Dale P. Cruikshank (NASA), and Gregg A. Swayze (USGS) are co-authors.

Comment: More evidence that many of science's models need revising: Also check out SOTT radio's: Behind the Headlines: The Electric Universe - An interview with Wallace Thornhill


Brain

Industry funded study suggests AI could help emergency clinics identify serious head trauma

Brain scan AI identification head trauma
A brain scan (left) showing an intraparenchymal hemorrhage in left frontal region and a scan (right) of a subarachnoid hemorrhage in the left parietal region. Both conditions were accurately detected by the Qure.ai tool.
The rise in the use of computed tomography (CT) scans in US emergency rooms has been a well-documented trend1 in recent years2. At the same time, the diagnosis of life-threatening conditions using these head scans has risen only slightly in emergency rooms. One problem ER doctors face is trying to separate out serious cases of head trauma from less serious injuries.

A new study suggests that deep-learning algorithms could help automate the triage process for some of these head trauma cases, specifically for patients with brain injury who require immediate attention. The study3, which appeared recently in The Lancet, found that deep-learning algorithms were able to accurately identify as many as nine different critical abnormalities in CT head scans.

The study is the latest in a slew of new research that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze medical images. Eric Topol, a physician at and the executive vice president of Scripps Research who wasn't involved in the research, says that this study represents a step forward because most previous reports of AI in medical imaging gave a yes-or-no answer for one type of abnormality, like a brain lesion. But the algorithms in this study were trained to parse multiple kinds of brain trauma.

"It's one of the best radiology-AI efforts to date, because it widens the deep-learning interpretation task to urgent referral of many different types of head CT findings," Topol says.

Comment: Let's hope these AI algorithms are more robust than facial recognition technology in current use.


Info

China and Russia jointly conducted ionospheric experiments

Ionosphere
© NASA
China and Russia have jointly conducted a controversial series of experiments to modify Earth's atmosphere with high-frequency radio waves.

From a Russian installation called the Sura Ionospheric Heating Facility near the town of Vasilsursk, east of Moscow, scientists emitted high-frequency radio waves to manipulate the ionosphere, while the China Seismo‐Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) measured the effects on plasma disturbance from orbit.

It's not the first time research like this has been conducted, but news of the China-Russia developments - conveyed via a published paper on the experiments, and a recent article in the South China Morning Post - has ignited concerns over the potential military applications of this kind of science.

That's because the ionosphere, and the ionised gas (plasma) that inhabits it, is crucial to radio communication. By selectively disturbing the charged particles that make up this part of the upper atmosphere, scientists or even governments could theoretically boost or block long-range radio signals.

Even these preliminary experiments - conducted in June, and ostensibly designed as a test-case for future related ionosphere research - had extreme effects.

Microscope 1

Ant-Man suit coming soon? Team invents method to shrink objects to the nanoscale

nanoscale object
© Daniel OranMIT engineers have devised a way to create 3-D nanoscale objects by patterning a larger structure with a laser and then shrinking it. This image shows a complex structure prior to shrinking.
MIT researchers have invented a way to fabricate nanoscale 3-D objects of nearly any shape. They can also pattern the objects with a variety of useful materials, including metals, quantum dots, and DNA.

"It's a way of putting nearly any kind of material into a 3-D pattern with nanoscale precision," says Edward Boyden, the Y. Eva Tan Professor in Neurotechnology and an associate professor of biological engineering and of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT.

Using the new technique, the researchers can create any shape and structure they want by patterning a polymer scaffold with a laser. After attaching other useful materials to the scaffold, they shrink it, generating structures one thousandth the volume of the original.

These tiny structures could have applications in many fields, from optics to medicine to robotics, the researchers say. The technique uses equipment that many biology and materials science labs already have, making it widely accessible for researchers who want to try it.

Boyden, who is also a member of MIT's Media Lab, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, is one of the senior authors of the paper, which appears in the Dec. 13 issue of Science. The other senior author is Adam Marblestone, a Media Lab research affiliate, and the paper's lead authors are graduate students Daniel Oran and Samuel Rodriques.

Saturn

Saturn's rings are raining at faster rate than previously thought

saturn rings
© NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science InstituteThe Cassini spacecraft captured this stunning view of Saturn and its rings on April 25, 2016.
The Cassini spacecraft captured this stunning view of Saturn and its rings on April 25, 2016.
Chances are, you wouldn't recognize Saturn without its trademark thick band of rings. But if you could travel 300 million years into the future, you would need to, because by then, chances are those rings would be gone - and they could disappear even faster.

That's the conclusion of a new investigation into a phenomenon called "ring rain," which pulls water out of Saturn's rings and into the planet's midlatitude regions. Combined with earlier research this year using Cassini data to look at a different type of inflow from the rings to the planet, that find means the stunning structures could be gone in as little as 100 million years.

"We are lucky to be around to see Saturn's ring system, which appears to be in the middle of its lifetime," lead author James O'Donoghue, a space physicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, said in a statement. "However, if rings are temporary, perhaps we just missed out on seeing giant ring systems of Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune, which have only thin ringlets today!"

Comment: Were Saturn's rings always disappearing so fast and it was merely a matter of measurement? Or has the process actually begun to speed up? Could it be related to the other diverse and increasing changes we see throughout our solar system? Also check out SOTT radio's: Behind the Headlines: Earth changes in an electric universe: Is climate change really man-made?


Rose

Fossils suggest flowers originated 50 million years earlier than thought

Nanjinganthus
© Fu et al., 2018Nanjinganthus fossil, showing its ovary (bottom centre), sepals and petals (on the sides) and a tree-shaped top.
Scientists have described a fossil plant species that suggests flowers bloomed in the Early Jurassic, more than 174 million years ago, according to new research in the open-access journal eLife.

Before now, angiosperms (flowering plants) were thought to have a history of no more than 130 million years. The discovery of the novel flower species, which the study authors named Nanjinganthus dendrostyla, throws widely accepted theories of plant evolution into question, by suggesting that they existed around 50 million years earlier. Nanjinganthus also has a variety of 'unexpected' characteristics according to almost all of these theories.

Angiosperms are an important member of the plant kingdom, and their origin has been the topic of long-standing debate among evolutionary biologists. Many previously thought angiosperms could be no more than 130 million years old. However, molecular clocks have indicated that they must be older than this. Until now, there has been no convincing fossil-based evidence to prove that they existed further back in time.

Comment: From dinosaurs to mammoths to early humans and so much more, recent discoveries are throwing our current theories into dissaray and it seems a new history for life on Earth is being written:


Russian Flag

Russia's military plans 2019: Hypersonic Avangard to be in service, finish Arctic clean-up

Russian base AlexandraLand
© Sputnik/Vadim SavitskyA Russian military base in the Alexandra Land.
The Russian defense ministry outlined its plans for next year in an annual report, which include deployment of hypersonic warheads and a new advanced Borei-class submarine as well as wrapping up its Arctic clean-up.

The annual report was made on Tuesday by Defense Minister Sergey Shoigu at a meeting chaired by President Vladimir Putin. The minister offered a lot of statistics on the armed forces life in 2018, from the percentage of weapons and equipment that need to be replaced with modern hardware to amount of money saved with introduction new electronic ID cards for service members. But there are also some highlights about new weapons the Russian military got this year or plans to get in the next one.

Barrage tests

In 2018, the Russian nuclear forces tested its ability to fire missiles as fast as possible, the minister reported. This ability is crucial in an all-out nuclear war when the enemy is trying to obliterate your nuclear arsenal and limit the damage of retaliation strike.

One test in May involved the strategic nuclear submarine Yury Dolgoruky, which fired a barrage of four Bulava missiles from the White Sea to a target range in Kamchatka. It was the first time such a volley was fired from a Borei-class submarine.

Another multiple launch was done last month when an upgraded Tupolev Tu-160 bomber fired 12 Kh-101 cruise missiles at a target range in the Arctic.



Eye 1

London police deploy 'lawless' facial recognition tech, watchdog group discovers it is '100% inaccurate'

facial recognition
© Kim Brunhuber/CBC
Police in London will deploy facial recognition technology in a two-day trial starting on Monday.

Covering London's Soho, Piccadilly Circus and Leicester Square, the tech will scan faces in crowds and run them against a database of people wanted by London's Metropolitan Police and the courts.

If the technology alerts officers to a match, police on the ground will review it and carry out further checks to confirm the individual's identity.

The scanners will be deployed for around eight hours per day and positioned visibly alongside a uniformed police presence. The rollout is part of a wider policing strategy to reduce crime and violence in Westminster.