Science & TechnologyS


Question

Do cosmic rays cause earthquakes?

Cosmic Rays & Earthquakes
© PITRIS/GETTYA stock photo shows a concept of cosmic radiation. Scientists have found a link between cosmic radiation and earthquakes.
I came across an article with a provocative headline, "Scientists Link Cosmic Radiation to Earthquakes for the First Time".

So I went to look at the underlying study, Observation of large scale precursor correlations between cosmic rays and earthquakes with a periodicity similar to the solar cycle by P. Homola and 43 others.

Hmmm, sez I. Willis's Rule of Authors says that the strength of a scientific study is inversely proportional to the number of authors ... but I digress. The Abstract says:
The search for correlations between secondary cosmic ray detection rates and seismic effects has long been a subject of investigation motivated by the hope of identifying a new precursor type that could feed a global early warning system against earthquakes.

Here we show for the first time that the average variation of the cosmic ray detection rates correlates with the global seismic activity to be observed with a time lag of approximately two weeks, and that the significance of the effect varies with a periodicity resembling the undecenal solar cycle, with a shift in phase of around three years, exceeding 6 σ at local maxima.

The precursor characteristics of the observed correlations point to a pioneer perspective of an early warning system against earthquakes.
The study says:
Here we report on an observation of the correlations between variation of the average rates of secondary cosmic ray fluxes measured locally and global seismic activity, and we also point to the periodicity of these correlations (or their observability) which corresponds to sunspot number observations back to the 1960s.
They describe their method as:
... an alternative, novel approach on which we report here: comparing the absolute average variabilities of secondary cosmic radiation to the average global sum of earthquake magnitudes.
And their conclusion was:
We have demonstrated for the first time that the variation of the absolute average detection rates of secondary cosmic radiation correlates with the global seismic situation (sum of the magnitudes of earthquakes with magnitudes greater-than or equal to 4, occurring at all locations) that takes place approximately two weeks later than the relevant cosmic ray data. The size of the shift in time between the cosmic and seismic data sets reveals the precursor character of the correlation effect.

Syringe

Best of the Web: Want to compromise brain activity? Just add SARS-CoV-2 spike!

spike protein
A spike protein
Glia-glia, neuron-neuron and neuron-glia fusion to compromise neuronal activity

This latest paper published in Science Advances on June 7, 2023 entitled: "SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral fusogens cause neuronal and glial fusion that compromises neuronal activity",1 confirms some disturbing theories as to why we have been witnessing neurological impairment and damages since SARS-CoV-2 was introduced to the public. It also begs some extremely disturbing questions as to why the injection-associated spike may also be causing neurological adverse events that are being excessively reported in all pharmacovigilance databases all over the world. Could it be due to the same mechanism?

I made a video about 2 years ago (and testified at the National Citizen's Inquiry where this is also discussed), where I propose that free (circulating) spike protein2 can bind and disrupt the closed loop cycle of the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) by binding ACE-2 to inhibit its activity via competitive binding. This would also have consequences for downstream signaling events in the case of binding membrane-bound ACE-2.

Laptop

China's photonic quantum computer is 180 million times faster says 'father of quantum'

China's quantum computer
China's quantum computer uses light for calculations.
A quantum computer, Juizhang, built by a team led by Pan Jianwei, has claimed that it can process artificial intelligence (AI) related tasks 180 million times faster, the South China Morning Post reported. Jianwei is popularly known as the "father of quantum" in the country.

Even as the US celebrates its lead in the list of TOP500 supercomputers in the world, China has been slowly building its expertise in the next frontier of computing - quantum computing. Unlike conventional computing, where a bit- the smallest block of information can either exist as one or zero, a bit in quantum computing can exist in both states at once.

Known as a qubit, it allows basic information to represent all possibilities simultaneously, theoretically, making them faster than conventional computers.

How fast is China's Jiuzhang?

China's Jiuzhang first shot to fame in 2020, when the research team led by Jianwei performed Gaussian boson sampling in 200 seconds. The same on a conventional supercomputer would take an estimated 2.5 billion years.

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Blue Planet

Scientists unearth 20 million years of 'hot spot' magmatism under Central America's Cocos Plate

magma plumes map world
© Ingo Wölbern, via Wikimedia CommonsMantle plumes, shown in red, have been identified around the world.
A team of scientists led by Georgia Tech have observed past episodic intraplate magmatism and corroborated the existence of a partial melt channel at the base of the Cocos Plate.

Ten years ago, Samer Naif made an unexpected discovery in Earth's mantle: a narrow pocket, proposed to be filled with magma, hidden some 60 kilometers beneath the seafloor of the Cocos Plate.

Mantle melts are buoyant and typically float toward the surface — think underwater volcanoes that erupt to form strings of islands. But Naif's imaging instead showed a clear slice of semi-molten rock: low-degree partial melts, still sandwiched at the base of the plate some 37 miles beneath the ocean floor.

Then, the observation provided an explanation for how tectonic plates can gradually slide, lubricated by partial melting. The study also "raised several questions about why magma is stored in a thin channel — and where the magma originated from," says Naif, an assistant professor in the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at Georgia Institute of Technology.

Sun

Flashback Best of the Web: Professor Valentina Zharkova explains and confirms why a "Super" Grand Solar Minimum is upon us

Valentina Zharkova
Professor Valentina Zharkova gave a presentation of her Climate and the Solar Magnetic Field hypothesis at the Global Warming Policy Foundation in October, 2018. The information she unveiled should shake/wake you up.

Zharkova was one of the few that correctly predicted solar cycle 24 would be weaker than cycle 23 - only 2 out of 150 models predicted this.

Her models have run at a 93% accuracy and her findings suggest a Super Grand Solar Minimum is on the cards beginning 2020 and running for 350-400 years.

The last time we had a little ice age only two magnetic fields of the sun went out of phase.

This time, all four magnetic fields are going out of phase.

Here's a great (and relatively brief) video explanation of Zharkova's presentation from Diamond and Lee Wheelbarger:


Comment: So not only does the non-politicized science confirm a Grand Solar Minimum - but we now know that it is Super (and even more probable) because all four magnetic fields are going out of phase.

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Info

Is Africa splitting into two continents?

Will the East African Rift split the continent and create a new ocean, or will it fizzle out?
The East African Rift
A giant rift is slowly tearing Africa, the second-largest continent, apart. This depression — known as the East African Rift — is a network of valleys that stretches about 2,175 miles (3,500 kilometers) long, from the Red Sea to Mozambique, according to the Geological Society of London.

So will Africa rip apart completely, and if so, when will it split? To answer this question, let's look at the region's tectonic plates, the outer parts of the planet's surface that can collide with each other, making mountains, or pull apart, creating vast basins.

Along this colossal tear in eastern Africa, the Somalian tectonic plate is pulling eastward from the larger, older part of the continent, the Nubian tectonic plate, according to NASA's Earth Observatory. (The Somalian plate is also known as the Somali plate, and the Nubian plate is also sometimes called the African plate.)

The Somalian and Nubian plates are also separating from the Arabian plate in the north. These plates intersect in the Afar region of Ethiopia, creating a Y-shaped rift system, the Geological Society of London noted.

Telescope

Scientists discovered a crucial element for life gushing out of Saturn's icy ocean moon

saturn water ice
© NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteNASA's Cassini spacecraft captured close-up images of water ice gushing out of Saturn's moon Enceladus in gargantuan plumes
Scientists have found another clue that the ocean beneath one of Saturn's moons may be capable of supporting life.

An international team discovered signs of sodium phosphates, a salt sometimes used in deli meat here on Earth, in a plume of ice shot out from a subsurface ocean on Enceladus, one of Saturn's moons.

This doesn't mean someone's curing meat around Saturn; phosphates are a basic key ingredient in the chemistry of geology and biology. Astronomers have long been interested in oceans on other worlds, since water is a fundamental requirement for life as we know it. If these alien oceans also contain salts and organic molecules like Earth's oceans do, they, too, might be capable of supporting life.

The difficulty with subsurface oceans is that they're locked below a thick, icy crust, where NASA's robotic explorers can't yet reach. But Enceladus conveniently erupts every once and a while, spewing material from its hidden ocean in a vast plume of water ice. These plumes were originally discovered by NASA's Cassini spacecraft, which orbited Saturn for 13 years and even flew through some of Enceladus' plumes, gathering information along the way.

Info

A day on Earth used to only be 19 hours

view of the Earth
© ESA/Meteosat POSTED ONA full disk view of the Earth, courtesy of Meteosat-I 1.
On Earth, a single solar day lasts 24 hours. That is the time it takes for the Sun to return to the same place in the sky as the day before. The Moon, Earth's only natural satellite, takes about 27 days to complete a single circuit around our planet and orbits at an average distance of 384,399 km (~238,854.5 mi). Since time immemorial, humans have kept track of the Sun, the Moon, and their sidereal and synodic periods. To the best of our knowledge, the orbital mechanics governing the Earth-Moon system have been the same, and we've come to take them for granted.

But there was a time when the Moon orbited significantly closer to Earth, and the average day was much shorter than today. According to a recent study by a pair o researchers from China and Germany, an average day lasted about 19 hours for one billion years during the Proterozoic Epoch - a geological period during the Precambrian that lasted from 2.5 billion years to 541 million years ago. This demonstrates that rather than gradually increasing over time (as previously thought), the length of a day on Earth remained constant for an extended period.

The study was conducted by Ross N. Mitchell, a Professor of geoscience at the CAS State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics and the College of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Uwe Kirscher, a former at the University of Tübingen, Germany, and a current Research Fellow at The Institute for Geoscience Research at Curtin University, Australia. The paper that details their research, titled "Mid-Proterozoic day length stalled by tidal resonance," recently appeared in Nature Geosciences.

Rose

Scientists discover how photosynthesis starts — by setting it off with a single photon

single photon photosynthesis illustration
© Jenny Nuss/Berkeley LabAn illustration of a single photon drifting toward a plant to kick-start photosynthesis.
For the first time, researchers have observed how just one particle of light can trigger photosynthesis in bacteria — finally revealing the first step of the crucial process.

Light is the basis for almost all life on Earth. Using energy from the sun, plants, algae and some bacteria create complex sugar molecules that serve as the foundations for most of nature's food chains. But parts of this world-feeding chemical reaction have remained somewhat of a mystery — until now.

For the first time, researchers have observed the beginnings of photosynthesis, starting with a single photon.

"A huge amount of work, theoretically and experimentally, has been done around the world trying to understand what happens after the photon is absorbed. But we realized that nobody was talking about the first step," Graham Fleming, a chemist at the University of California Berkeley and co-author of the new research, said in a statement. Fleming and his team described the process in a study published June 14 in the journal Nature.

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Hourglass

Man's biological clock set back 10 years after 93 days living under the ocean in a research station

joe dituri
© @drdeepsea
A man of science locked himself in a 592 square-foot underwater research station for 100 days to document the effects of pressurization on the human body.

Now, having emerged from his submerged experiment, scientists studying those effects have discovered a shocking change in the man's body — he's 10 years younger.

The man, Joe Dituri, a former US navy diver and expert in biomedical engineering, had experienced a 20% growth in the lengths of his telomeres.

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