In my time working in the UK universities and National Health Service - these functions were brought under managerial control, and integrated into The System which (since early 2020) is now global.
The almost complete surrender of power by academics and doctors happened almost entirely without coercion. Why?
Essentially, deeply, due to the lack of motivation and courage from living as godless-expedient hedonists (i.e. regarding mortal life as wholly about 'utility'), on the basic of incoherent (increasingly inverted) Leftist values.
Lacking any positive transcendent values (truth, beauty, virtue, coherence...); modern people, especially Westerners, are easier to
control than any group I have heard of throughout history.
But how did this control operate proximately? The answer could be termed pre-emptive compliance.
The management (whether national or local) would announce what was going to happen - some new scheme to strip autonomy from academics and subordinate teaching, research, scholarship under administrative control; or some new, extra, unpaid and harmful bureaucratic tasks...
Comment: Even those who consider themselves awake and observant must constantly evaluate incoming information to discern truth or motive. Make it a way of life.