Science & TechnologyS


Bulb

Researchers discover natural melanin pigments could make high voltage battery material

melanin battery
© Carnegie Mellon University Mechanical Engineering
Melanin is best known as the pigment that dictates our skin tones, but it is found just about everywhere—in our brains, in our hair. It is even found in cuttlefish. But as abundant as melanin is, its exact macromolecular chemical structure is surprisingly not well understood.

Though researchers have extensively studied the chemical structure of individual melanin molecules for more than 70 years, relatively little is known about the molecular building blocks that form complex melanin pigments. But a team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University has discovered that the chemical structure of melanin on a macromolecular scale exhibits, amongst other shapes, a four-membered ring—in other words, a chemical structure that may be conducive to creating certain kinds of batteries based on natural melanin pigments.

"Functionally, different types of melanin molecules have quite different chemistries, so putting them together is a little like solving a jigsaw puzzle, with each molecule a puzzle piece," explains Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering and co-author of the study Venkat Viswanathan. "You could take any number of these pieces and mix and match them, even stack them on top of each other. So what we researched was, which of these arrangements is really correct?"

Comment:


Pistol

'Heat-treated by God': $4.5 million paid for handguns made of Gibeon meteorite

big bang gun
© Robb ReportThe Cabot Guns 1911 Big Bang Pistols come in a set of two.
We've featured some pretty awesome weapons at our web site, but perhaps none as unique as the Cabot Guns Big Bang Pistol.

Unlike other handguns you may have seen, the .45 caliber Cabot 1911's took over 4 billion years to come to fruition and find their origins in the moment the universe was created. According to Robb Report the pair are "the first mechanical devices made from a meteorite in the history of mankind."

The gun maker used Gibeon meteorite, a premium metal because it is non-rusting says Cabot metallurgist Jay Morely.

The firearms come in a set of two (left and right handed) and within minutes of the announcement an interested buyer offered up $1 million for the pair without having ever laid eyes on them.

Die

Odds are that alien life existed in the past, says new study

alien
© Neil Hall /Reuters
When discussing intelligent life forms not found on Earth, questions and theories tend to focus on whether or not they currently exist. However, new research shows that it is almost impossible for humans to be the only intelligent life forms ever.

In a study published late last month, empirical evidence shows the likelihood of humans being the only intelligent life form in the history of the universe as ten-billion-trillion to one. That is a one followed by 34 zeros. The odds of winning the Powerball Jackpot are 292 million to one, according to the Boston Globe.

To give you an even better idea, the odds of being hit by pieces of satellite debris falling from space are one in twenty-one trillion. That means you're 476,190,476,190,476,190,476.2 times more likely to be hit by satellite debris from space than be a part of the only intelligent species ever anywhere.

Powertool

Scientists develop transparent wood which is stronger, more insulating than glass

scientist see-through wood
© umd.edu
Scientists at the University of Maryland have developed a see-through wood which is stronger and more insulating than glass.

The transparent wood could be used in car manufacturing, for light-based electronics systems, and as a building material, according to the study published in Advanced Materials.

"It can be used in automobiles when the wood is made both transparent and high strength," said Dr. Mingwei Zhu, the co-author of the paper. "You could also use it as a unique building material."

The team led by materials scientist Liangbing Hu removed the molecule in wood -'lignin' - that makes it rigid and dark in color. They did this by boiling wood in a bath of water, sodium hydroxide and other chemicals for about two hours.

Magic Wand

Russian researchers developed an ecological method for cleaning lakes from oil

Man by lake
© TSUThis is Danil Vorobiev, doctor of biological sciences and director of biological institute near the lake.
The oil cleansing method was developed by TSU researchers and it is optimal for lake ecosystems. The experiment proved that the content of oil in water reduced in 35-40 times. Date of the research was published in journals Water Practice & Technology.

The technology is based on flotation method, said Danil Vorobiev one of the authors of this development, doctor of biological sciences and director of Biological institute. - In place of oil accumulation we perform pneumatic and mechanical action and as a result oil sticks to the section of the two phases - liquid and air - and rises to the surface.

The technology, developed by TSU, best suited for lakes with thick sediments: stony, clay or sandy bottom. This method allows cleaning both sediments and water and there are no any restrictions on the depth of the pond.

This method does not require using any chemicals. Also this method can be used in winter when vegetative processes in a lake "freeze" and interference with the underwater world is minimal.

Ice Cube

New state of water: Strange 6-sided molecule found

Crystals
© Jeff Scovil
Researchers discovered that water in beryl displays some unique and unexpected characteristics.
A strange new behavior of water molecules has been observed inside crystals of beryl, a type of emerald, caused by bizarre quantum-mechanical effects that let the water molecules face six different directions at the same time.

Under normal conditions, the two hydrogen atoms in each water molecule are arranged around the oxygen atom in an open "V" shape, sometimes compared to a boomerang or Mickey Mouse ears.

But in a new experiment, scientists have found that hydrogen atoms of some water molecules trapped in the crystal structure of the mineral beryl become "smeared out" into a six-sided ring.


Comment: We are only just beginning to learn about what water really is and what it is capable of.


Flashlight

New property of light discovered

New Property of Light
© matthewf01/Flickr
Physicists have just discovered a new form of light that doesn't follow our existing rules of angular momentum, and it could shake up our understanding of the electromagnetic radiation and lead to faster, more secure optical communication.

Because of how well-studied and, well, everywhere, light is, you might assume that we've pretty much learnt all there is to know about it. But just last year, researchers identified a fundamental new property of light, and now a team of Irish scientists has shown that light can take on unexpected new forms.

One of the ways we measure a beam of light is through its angular momentum - a constant quantity that measures how much light is rotating. And until now, it was thought that for all forms of light, the angular momentum would be a whole number (known as an integer) multiple of Planck's constant - a physical constant that sets the scale of quantum effects.

But researchers led by Trinity College Dublin have now demonstrated that a new form of light exists, where the angular momentum is only half of this value.

"What I think is so exciting about this result is that even this fundamental property of light, that physicists have always thought was fixed, can be changed," said lead researcher Paul Eastham.

Let's back up for a second here and explain what all that means.

Info

Evidence of ancient giant asteroid impact event discovered in Australia

Marble Bar sediments
© A. GliksonMarble Bar sediments, a microcrystalline silicone-rich chert.
Scientists have found evidence of a huge asteroid that struck the Earth early in its life with an impact larger than anything humans have experienced.


Tiny glass beads called spherules, found in north-western Australia were formed from vaporised material from the asteroid impact, said Dr Andrew Glikson from The Australian National University (ANU).

"The impact would have triggered earthquakes orders of magnitude greater than terrestrial earthquakes, it would have caused huge tsunamis and would have made cliffs crumble," said Dr Glikson, from the ANU Planetary Institute.

"Material from the impact would have spread worldwide. These spherules were found in sea floor sediments that date from 3.46 billion years ago."

The asteroid is the second oldest known to have hit the Earth and one of the largest.

Dr Glikson said the asteroid would have been 20 to 30 kilometres across and would have created a crater hundreds of kilometres wide.

About 3.8 to 3.9 billion years ago the moon was struck by numerous asteroids, which formed the craters, called mare, that are still visible from Earth

"Exactly where this asteroid struck the earth remains a mystery," Dr Glikson said.

"Any craters from this time on Earth's surface have been obliterated by volcanic activity and tectonic movements."

Comment: Our world has fallen victim to comets, fireballs, asteroids and meteorites on a continual basis for all of its existence.

For an in-depth look at how these extraterrestrial insults have affected our civilisations - ancient and not so ancient - head to our Comets and Catastrophes section for a number of articles on the topic. You can also visit our Red Pill Press store to pick up a copy of Laura Knight-Jadczyk's book, Comets and the Horns of Moses to get an understanding of how the evidence of these events gave birth to mythology and how certain schools of philosophical thought were either suppressed or promoted in order to cover up the truth of a human cosmic connection in order for the psychopaths who rule our world to continue to do so without blowback from the masses.


Satellite

Magnetic explosions observed by NASA spacecraft for first time

Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS)
© NASA
NASA has made its first ever observations from the heart of a 'magnetic reconnection' event thanks to its Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS).

The mission, consisting of four identical spacecraft, was launched in March 2015 to observe these reactions in the magnetosphere - scientists had previously only witnessed reconnection in the laboratory.


The research, which was published in the journal Science, reveals that magnetic reconnection is dominated by the physics of electrons, bringing scientists closer to understanding the phenomenon.

Cassiopaea

Researchers find vast helium-3 reserves 4,000 light years from Earth

space telescope
© Reuters/NASA
A team of astronomers from the University of Manchester in collaboration with researchers from Spain and Mexico have discovered a very rare and valuable gas 4,000 light-years from Earth, the web portal Phys.org reported.

Helium-3 is a gas that can be used in various fields. For example, it could be used as a fuel for nuclear power plants as well as in cryogenics and medicine.

Using the largest antenna of NASA's Madrid Deep Space Communication Complex, researchers discovered vast helium-3 reserves in space.

Comment: Great. How are they gonna collect it?