Science of the SpiritS


Chalkboard

Gifted children get ignored in school despite huge future contribution to society

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© Thomas HawkAre exceptionally gifted children being failed by the education system?
The authors of the largest ever study of the profoundly gifted question whether the education system is providing enough support for highly talented young people.

The US study, published in the journal Psychological Science, identified gifted children by their SAT scores, which placed them in the top 0.01% of the population, either in maths or verbal scores (Hill et al., 2013).

The 320 children were tracked from the age of 13, until they were 38, to see how they did in their chosen professions.

Notable careers

As you might expect, the exceptionally gifted children were more likely to gain Master's degrees and PhDs, compared with less gifted children.

Many also went on to have notable careers: they wrote books, composed music, started companies, conducted scientific research, became senior business leaders, and excelled in other worthy occupations.

Even at age 13 it was possible to see in which direction exceptionally children might head:
"...mathematically more able individuals tended to focus on achievement in inorganic fields [e.g. computer science, engineering], whereas verbally more able individuals tended to invest their talent in organic fields [e.g. the arts, social sciences, education]; incorporating motivational dimensions, such as interests in people versus things..." (Hill et al., 2013)

Eye 1

Behind the epidemic of military suicides: New documentary exposes Psychiatry as "The Hidden Enemy" in military mental health

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“We have never drugged our troops to this extent and the current increase in suicides is not a coincidence.” — Lieutenant Colonel Bart Billings
In order to gain acceptance as a medically relevant entity, psychiatry deliberately infiltrated this nation's defense forces and others around the world, practicing pseudo-science on unsuspecting service men and women under the guise of mental health "treatment."

The Hidden Enemy, a comprehensive, years-in-the-making, documentary has been released by the Citizens Commission on Human Rights (CCHR). It is the first documentary to fully expose psychiatry's use of military personnel worldwide as guinea pigs, subjecting soldiers to devastating psychiatric experiments. In so doing, it provides important insight into the question of why more soldiers are dying from psychiatric treatment than on the battlefield. As Lieutenant Colonel Bart Billings stated, "We have never drugged our troops to this extent and the current increase in suicides is not a coincidence."

The groundbreaking documentary reveals the chilling psychiatric strategy to use the captive population of military communities as guinea pigs for future psychiatric treatments. It was laid out by psychiatrist and Brigadier General J.R. Rees in 1945: "The army and the other fighting services form rather unique experimental groups since they are complete communities and it is possible to arrange experiments in a way that would be very difficult in civilian life."

Phoenix

Meditation is an effective treatment for depression, anxiety and pain

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© c_liechtData from 47 different clinical trials finds meditation is as effective as antidepressants.
A medical journal review has found that just 30 minutes daily meditation can improve the symptoms of depression, anxiety and pain.

The research, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, included studies with a total of 3,515 participants (Goyal et al., 2014).

All of the research involved active control groups so it was possible to discount the placebo effect.

The placebo effect occurs when people expect to get better - sometimes simply as a result of being in a study - and so they do.

Studies with active control groups, though, can help discount the placebo effect as the treatment can be compared with a group who have similar expectations.

Meditation is more than relaxation

Participants in this review had had at least 4 hours of instruction in a form of meditation, such as mindfulness or mantra-based programs.

Typically, though, participants were given 2.5 hours instruction per week over 8 weeks.

Many of the participants also had physical problems, like lower back pain, heart disease and insomnia, which were likely heavily involved in their depression and/or anxiety.

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Red Flag

6 subtle signs your boundaries are being broken

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When someone has broken a physical boundary, it's usually easy to tell. These boundaries relate to your body, physical space and privacy. For instance, someone might cross your physical boundary when they stand too close or barge into your room without knocking.

However, emotional and mental boundaries tend to be more subtle and tougher to spot. How do you know if someone has crossed these limits?

Here are six telltale signs, along with how to tell someone they've broken your boundary.

Handcuffs

This is your brain on religion: Uncovering the science of belief

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© AP/Andrew Medichini/Shutterstock/SalonFrom Pope Francis to Phil Robertson: Why are some people of faith generous — while others are nuts?
As far as I'm concerned, the most interesting question about religion isn't whether God exists but why so many people are religious. There are around 10,000 different religions, each of which is convinced that there's only one Truth and that they alone possess it. Hating people with a different faith seems to be part of belief. Around the year 1500, the church reformer Martin Luther described Jews as a "brood of vipers." Over the centuries the Christian hatred of the Jews led to pogroms and ultimately made the Holocaust possible. In 1947, over a million people were slaughtered when British India was partitioned into India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Nor has interfaith hatred diminished since then. Since the year 2000, 43 percent of civil wars have been of a religious nature.

Almost 64 percent of the world's population is Catholic, Protestant, Muslim, or Hindu. And faith is extremely tenacious. For many years, Communism was the only permitted belief in China and religion was banned, being regarded, in the tradition of Karl Marx, as the opium of the masses. But in 2007, one-third of Chinese people over the age of 16 said that they were religious. Since that figure comes from a state-controlled newspaper, the China Daily, the true number of believers is likely at least that high. Around 95 percent of Americans say that they believe in God, 90 percent pray, 82 percent believe that God can perform miracles, and over 70 percent believe in life after death. It's striking that only 50 percent believe in hell, which shows a certain lack of consistency. In the Netherlands, a much more secular country, the percentages are lower. A study carried out in April 2007 showed that in the space of 40 years, secularization had increased from 33 to 61 percent. Over half of the Dutch people doubt the existence of a higher power and are either agnostic or believe in an unspecified "something." Only 14 percent are atheists, the same percentage as Protestants. There are slightly more Catholics (16 percent).

Butterfly

Reading a novel boosts brain connectivity

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© Liz PoageStories leave their mark on the mind both psychologically and neurologically.
A new study in which participants' brains were scanned before, during and five days after reading a novel has found persistent neurological changes (Berns et al., 2013).

The book - Robert Harris' Pompeii - was given to 19 people to read.

They were scanned every day, over 19 consecutive days, to assess the brain's resting state: in other words, what it's doing when it's doing nothing in particular.

The results, published in the journal Brain Connectivity, showed that there were changes in the brain's resting state that persisted after participants had finished reading the novel.

The lead author, Gregory Berns, explained:
"Even though the participants were not actually reading the novel while they were in the scanner, they retained this heightened connectivity. We call that a 'shadow activity,' almost like a muscle memory."
The heightened connectivity was seen in the areas of the brain associated with receptivity to language: the left temporal cortex. However, these changes in resting brain state were relatively short-lived.

Health

Immobilized by chronic fatigue or fibromyalgia? The Polyvagal Theory and movement restriction

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Constant anticipation of threats could bring the most primitive stress response system – which causes immobolization – to the fore
The Polyvagal Theory

The autonomic nervous system is traditionally described as consisting of two antagonistic and balanced branches, the sympathetic and the parasympathetic system. The sympathetic system or the "fight or flight" arousal system kicks into gear when we perceive threats. When that happens your blood pressure increases, your muscles tense, your heart beats faster, and digestion slows down.

The parasympathetic system has been thought to be responsible for "rest-and-digest". Say it is a nice, sunny day and you decide to relax and take in the nice weather in a comfortable chair. In that situation your "rest and digest" response should cause your blood pressure to decrease, pulse rate to slow, and digestion to start.

Something else, however, is happening in this video.


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© Éiriú Eolas



People

The truth about modelling: What Carré Otis wish she'd said to her fans

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© News Limited Network Carre Otis with Mickey Rourke in 1989.
Think models are effortlessly perfect glamour magnets lapping up the good life?

US model Carre Otis lets Vogue in on the truth about airbrushing, starvation, yellow teeth and sexual abuse...

When I was 18 and arriving on the modelling scene in the mid-80s, attention from the public felt sudden and surprising. After working so hard as a teenager in both Europe and the States, after so many rejections and failed "gosees"(castings), after the countless not-so-subtle suggestions from industry professionals that I just might not have "it", I was shocked when others started following my career. When I visited my agents, they'd hand me a stack of letters and I'd look over my shoulder, wondering if it was intended for the actual famous models in the other room. "Carr.," my agent said, her hands firmly planted on my shoulders, "You're a celebrity now. Get used to it." There were some kind letters, praising the art direction or aesthetics of a photo shoot. And there were some filthy ones in which men detailed what they'd like to do to my body and - equally upsetting - what they did to their own while staring at my image. Despite some of the more alarming aspects of the latter type, I was mostly flattered that by posing for a picture I had inspired absolute strangers to take time out and send me their thoughts.

But there was one type of letter that consistently left me uneasy: the type that made up about 80 per cent of my fan mail. It was the one from the young girl in the age range of 10 to 15, seeking my advice about how to become what I was only pretending to be.

People

What people really look like: Women have cellulite, men have silly buttocks

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I've been a massage therapist for many years, now. I know what people look like. People have been undressing for me for a long time. I know what you look like: a glance at you, and I can picture pretty well what you'd look like on my table.

Let's start here with what nobody looks like: nobody looks like the people in magazines or movies. Not even models. Nobody. Lean people have a kind of rawboned, unfinished look about them that is very appealing. But they don't have plump round breasts and plump round asses. You have plump round breasts and a plump round ass, you have a plump round belly and plump round thighs as well. That's how it works. (And that's very appealing too.)

Woman have cellulite. All of them. It's dimply and cute. It's not a defect. It's not a health problem. It's the natural consequence of not consisting of photoshopped pixels, and not having emerged from an airbrush.

Men have silly buttocks. Well, if most of your clients are women, anyway. You come to male buttocks and you say -- what, this is it? They're kind of scrawny and the tissue is jumpy because it's unpadded; you have to dial back the pressure, or they'll yelp.

People

Body atlas reveals where humans show emotions

emotion body atlas
© Lauri Nummenmaa, Enrico Glerean, Riitta Hari, and Jari Hietanen.Yellow shows regions of increased sensation while blue areas represent decreased feeling in these composite images
Chests puffing up with pride - and happiness felt head to toe - are sensations as real as they are universal. And now we can make an atlas of them.

Researchers have long known that emotions are connected to a range of physiological changes, from nervous job candidates' sweaty palms to the racing pulse that results from hearing a strange noise at night. But new research reveals that emotional states are universally associated with certain bodily sensations, regardless of individuals' culture or language.

Once More With Feeling

More than 700 participants in Finland, Sweden and Taiwan participated in experiments aimed at mapping their bodily sensations in connection with specific emotions. Participants viewed emotion-laden words, videos, facial expressions and stories. They then self-reported areas of their bodies that felt different than before they'd viewed the material. By coloring in two computer-generated silhouettes - one to note areas of increased bodily sensation and the second to mark areas of decreased sensation - participants were able to provide researchers with a broad base of data showing both positive and negative bodily responses to different emotions.

Researchers found statistically discrete areas for each emotion tested, such as happiness, contempt and love, that were consistent regardless of respondents' nationality. Afterward, researchers applied controls to reduce the risk that participants may have been biased by sensation-specific phrases common to many languages (such as the English "cold feet" as a metaphor for fear, reluctance or hesitation). The results are published today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.