Science & TechnologyS


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Illuminating Study Reveals How Plants Respond To Light

Most of us take it for granted that plants respond to light by growing, flowering and straining towards the light, and we never wonder just how plants manage to do so. But the ordinary, everyday responses of plants to light are deceptively complex, and much about them has long stumped scientists.

Now, a new study "has significantly advanced our understanding of how plant responses to light are regulated, and perhaps even how such responses evolved," says Michael Mishkind, a program director at the National Science Foundation (NSF). This study, which was funded by NSF, will be published in the November 23, 2007 issue of Science.

By conducting experiments with Arabidopsis--a small flowering plant widely used as a model organism--the researchers discovered that the plant prepares to respond to light while it is still in the dark, even before it is exposed to light. This preparation involves producing a pair of closely related proteins (known as FHY3 and FAR1) that increase production of another pair of closely related proteins (known as FHY1 and FHL) that had been identified in previous studies as critical participants in the plant's light response.

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Although these steps had been identified in previous studies, the discovery of how FHY3 and FAR1 regulate plant responses to light adds an important new dimension to our understanding of them.

Info

Flashback Like ozone hole, polar clouds take bite out of meteoric iron

Polar clouds are known to play a major role in the destruction of Earth's protective ozone layer, creating the springtime "ozone hole" above Antarctica. Now, scientists have found that polar clouds also play a significant role in removing meteoric iron from Earth's mesosphere. The discovery could help researchers refine their models of atmospheric chemistry and global warming.
Using a sensitive laser radar (lidar) system, laboratory experiments and computer modeling, researchers from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England, studied the removal of meteoric iron by polar mesospheric clouds that they observed during the summer at the South Pole.

"Our measurements and models have shown that another type of reaction that takes place in the upper atmosphere -- this time related to ice particles -- plays a very important role in the processes that influence the chemistry of metal layers in this region," said Chester Gardner, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Illinois and one of the co-authors of a paper to appear in the April 16 issue of the journal Science.

Video

Researchers find memory can be manipulated by photos

The camera may not lie, but doctored photos do according to new research into digitally altered photos and how they influence our memories and attitudes toward public events.

When presented with digitally altered images depicting the 1989 Tiananmen Square protest in Beijing and a 2003 anti-war protest in Rome, participants in a new study by American and Italian researchers recalled the events as being bigger and more violent than they really were, suggesting that viewing doctored photographs might affect people's memories of past public events.

Telescope

Mankind 'shortening the universe's life'

The startling claim is made by a pair of American cosmologists investigating the consequences for the cosmos of quantum theory, the most successful theory we have.

Comment: It is startling indeed. Fits the National Enquirer standards.


Telescope

A Hazy Future for a 'Jewel' of Space Instruments



©Brennan Linsley/Associated Press
The Arecibo radio telescope is a thousand feet wide and 167 feet deep

The next time an unexpected comet shows up in the inner solar system, Amy J. Lovell may not get time at the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico to observe it before it swings back out.

Telescope

Asteroids may return after deflection

London: A new study by scientists suggests that asteroids which are deflected on a collision course with Earth are likely to return for another potential clash.

Info

Complacency Management

I've been thinking a lot about risk assessment and management since my recent public conversation with Denise Caruso of the Hybrid Vigor Institute. We were talking about her latest book, Intervention: Confronting the Real Risks of Genetic Engineering and Life on a Biotech Planet, a clear-headed assessment of the importance of risk assessment within biotech industries, where she found a troubling complacency about the potential for things to go Terribly Wrong when genetically engineered organisms are introduced into the wild.

Comment: The answer we offer is this: First we learn all we can about psychopathy. We then realize that some of the world leaders and many in positions of power fit the profile. Finally, we decide that we want to be ruled by people who are more like us, people who care about our well being and that of the global community; human beings who will network with each other and hire those of us who know and can help, to assist them in solving the world's problems and find solutions for potential problems and disasters that periodically affect our little planet.


Bulb

Babies Judge Character Well

Even at just a few months old, babies can size up others and decide whom they'd rather hang out with, a new study finds.

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Baby sizes up Bush correctly.

Question

Flashback Biblical hero Samson may have been sociopath as well as strongman, according to new research

Samson, the Israelite hero and judge who was undone by the temptress Delilah, exhibited almost all of the symptoms of a person with Antisocial Personality Disorder, known in the psychology trade as ASPD.

According to Dr. Eric Altschuler, Samson exhibited six out seven criteria for diagnosis of ASPD (as identified by the American Psychiatric Association in its diagnostic bible, the DSM-IV) and a person need only manifest three of the seven criteria to be diagnosed with the disorder. Altschuler, a physician and research fellow in the Dept. of Psychology at the University of California, San Diego, is the lead author of the research paper, "Did Samson Have Antisocial Personality Disorder?" published in this month's Archives of General Psychiatry.

"Appreciation of the diagnosis of ASPD for Samson may not only help us to better understand the Biblical story, but it also may increase our understanding and awareness of instances when a leader has ASPD " said Altschuler, Also, we hope these findings encourage interest in the history of ASPD because the study of the history of a disease can provide clues to its pathogenesis."

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In Georgia, a missing link?

Remarkable finds are changing beliefs about human evolution and migration from Africa

DMANISI, Georgia - The forested bluff that overlooks this sleepy Georgian hamlet seems an unlikely portal into the mysteries surrounding the dawn of man.