Science & TechnologyS


Evil Rays

US: Lock Down Your Wi-Fi or the FBI Might Come Knocking

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© unknown
A New York man learned the hard way that leaving your wireless router open to the general public can have some very negative consequences, and that the authorities tend to act first and ask questions second.

You might think it's no big deal to share your wireless network with your neighbors. But that altruism can bite you in the butt when a less scrupulous neighbor, or a random stranger connects to the wireless network and uses it for illegal activity. As far as the authorities are concerned, that illegal activity originates from your wireless router, so you are the primary suspect.

So, what happened? Well, this guy left his home Wi-Fi network unprotected, and a slimy neighbor piggy-backed on his "free" wireless network to access thousands of child pornography images. He's not the first to fall victim to this scenario, and, unfortunately, he won't be the last.

It is important that you lock your wireless network down. WEP (wired equivalent privacy) encryption has as many holes as Swiss cheese, and can be easily cracked in a matter of seconds, but even turning on such weak protection is better than nothing. If you scan any given neighborhood for wireless networks, you will find at least one that has no encryption turned on, and that low-hanging fruit is the network that will draw attention rather than a network that requires hacking to connect to.

Gear

Sony Playstation suffers massive data breach; firm criticized

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© ReutersA visitor plays with a 'Playstation' at an exhibition stand at the Gamescom 2009 fair in Cologne
Sony Corp suffered a huge breach in its video game online network that allowed the theft of names, addresses and possibly credit card data belonging to 77 million user accounts, in one of the largest Internet security break-ins ever.

Sony said it learned of the breach in its popular PlayStation Network on April 19, prompting it to shut down the network immediately. Sony did not tell the public about the stolen data until Tuesday, hours after it unveiled its first tablet computers in Japan.

Executives at the tablet launch in Tokyo made no mention of the network crisis when the glossy devices were unveiled, nor at a later briefing with journalists. The tablets, which come in two sizes, will be the first to enable the use of PlayStation games and mark Sony's ambitious drive to compete with Apple's year-old iPad.

An "illegal and unauthorized person" obtained names, addresses, email addresses, birth dates, user names, passwords, logins, security questions and more, Sony said on its U.S. PlayStation blog.

A Sony spokesman said it took "several days of forensic investigation" after learning of the breach before the company knew consumers' data had been compromised.

Sherlock

Cavemen, Cave Bears Battled Over Turf

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© CorbisThis diaroma shows what a crew of cavemen painters may have looked like. Both of the caves examined in this study feature art on the walls, some of which shows cave bears.

Cavemen may have had to jostle with bears to settle into caves up to 32,000 years ago, as research shows cave bears lived in the same spaces coveted by prehistoric humans.

The new study on cave bears, which has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Archaeological Science, may also shed light on the age of cave art depicting these enormous animals and why the bears eventually went extinct.

A clue to the mysteries is that from 32,000 to 30,000 years ago, both humans and cave bears lived in two French caves, creating a likely man-versus-bear battle.

Better Earth

The Mystery of an Ancient Global Warming Recovery

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The Earth may be able to recover from rising carbon dioxide emissions faster than previously thought, according to evidence from a prehistoric event analyzed by a Purdue University-led team.

When faced with high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and rising temperatures 56 million years ago, the Earth increased its ability to pull carbon from the air. This led to a recovery that was quicker than anticipated by many models of the carbon cycle - though still on the order of tens of thousands of years, said Gabriel Bowen, the associate professor of earth and atmospheric sciences who led the study.

"We found that more than half of the added carbon dioxide was pulled from the atmosphere within 30,000 to 40,000 years, which is one-third of the time span previously thought," said Bowen, who also is a member of the Purdue Climate Change Research Center. "We still don't know exactly where this carbon went, but the evidence suggests it was a much more dynamic response than traditional models represent."

Pharoah

CT scans of Egyptian mummy help Vermont solve crimes

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© AP Photo/ University of Vermont, Rajan ChawlaIn this Nov. 9, 2010 photo released by the University of Vermont, a mummy is seen before a CT scan at Fletcher Allen Health Care, the teaching hospital at the University of Vermont, in Burlington, Vt. A childhood fascination with archaeology and a chance encounter with a 2,700-year-old Egyptian mummy are helping Vermont doctors and law enforcement officials find truth in some of the most challenging of modern-day crimes, the unexplained deaths of young children. The University of Vermont Hospital's CT scans helped doctors create a full-sized, three-dimensional model of the mummy’s skull _ thanks to the latest technology and the sharp detail obtained by cranking up the power on the scanner to levels unsafe for living patients.

Burlington, Vermont - A childhood fascination with archaeology and a chance encounter with a 2,700-year-old Egyptian mummy are helping Vermont doctors and law enforcement officials find truth in some of the most challenging of modern-day crimes: the unexplained deaths of young children.

After spotting the mummy at the University of Vermont's Robert Hull Fleming Museum in Burlington, Dr. Jason Johnson, a radiology resident, arranged to have it put through his hospital's state-of-the-art CT scanner. He wanted to know about the life of what is believed to be the remains of an Egyptian servant girl of about 14 - and what led to her death.

What Johnson didn't expect was that some of the scientific techniques used to reveal the mummy's secrets would have other applications, including helping Vermont's medical examiner and prosecutors determine if children who die in infancy are the victims of crimes.

Chalkboard

Scientists Abuzz Over Controversial Rumor that God Particle Has Been Detected

god particle
© CERNThis track is an example of simulated data modelled for the CMS detector on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Here a Higgs boson is produced and then decays into two jets of hadrons and two electrons. The lines represent the possible paths of particles produced by the proton-proton collision in the detector while the energy these particles deposit is shown in blue.


A rumor is floating around the physics community that the world's largest atom smasher may have detected a long-sought subatomic particle called the Higgs boson, also known as the "God particle."

The controversial rumor is based on what appears to be a leaked internal note from physicists at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a 17-mile-long particle accelerator near Geneva, Switzerland. It's not entirely clear at this point if the memo is authentic, or what the data it refers to might mean - but the note already has researchers talking.

The buzz started when an anonymous commenter recently posted an abstract of the note on Columbia University mathematician Peter Woit's blog, Not Even Wrong.

Meteor

Panspermia - A Distinct Posibility? Alien Bacteria Could Breed in Extreme 'Hypergravity'

If alien life is out there, it may be able to exploit more-extreme environments than scientists think, because huge gravitational forces don't seem to pose much of a problem for microbes.

Several different species of bacteria can survive and reproduce in "hypergravity" more than 400,000 times stronger than that of the Earth, a new study reports. The find suggests that alien life could take root in a wide range of conditions -- and that it could survive the high G-forces imposed by meteorite impacts and ejections, making the exchange of life between planets a distinct possibility.

"The number and types of environments that we now think life can inhabit in the universe has expanded because of our study," said lead author Shigeru Deguchi, of the Japan Agency of Marine-Earth Science and Technology in Yokosuka. [5 Bold Claims of Alien Life]

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© CDC/Janice Haney CarrColorized scanning electron micrograph depicting Escherichia coli bacteria, which recent research shows can breed in gravity 400,000 times stronger than that of Earth. Most E. coli strains are harmless, but the one here is O157:H7, which can cause severe illness in people.

Comment: The possibility of lifeforms being transported across the Universe is certainly an intriguing one, especially when we consider that our roots as species may lie somewhere outside this planet.

From The Golden Age, Psychopathy and the Sixth Extinction by Laura Knight-Jadczyk:
We note that the Spedicato paper cited above proposes that the last glaciation began with a cometary collision or explosion over land. Perhaps we find here a clue to the sudden appearance of Cro-Magnon man?

I have here on my desk a paper by Rhawn Joseph and Chandra Wickramasinghe entitled Comets and Contagion: Evolution and Diseases From Space. They write in their conclusions:
"Correlation is not causation and thus no firm conclusions can be drawn despite the wealth of evidence suggesting a link between comets and diseases from space. Nevertheless, comets are an ideal vehicle for sustaining and transporting a variety of microbes, including viruses, from planet to planet and even from solar system to solar system. In consequence, when these organisms are deposited on a world already thriving with life, genes may be exchanged, the evolution of new species may ensue, or conversely contagion may be unleashed, and disease, death, and plague may spread throughout the land."
Let us speculate that the genes that produced Cro-Magnon man may have been brought to earth as the result of a cometary impact. The simplest version of this panspermia theory is that proposed by Sir Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe who suggest that life forms continue to enter the earth's atmosphere, and may be responsible for epidemic outbreaks, new diseases, and the genetic novelty necessary for macroevolution. The mechanisms proposed for interstellar panspermia may include radiation pressure and lithopanspermia (microorganisms in rocks), deliberate directed panspermia from space to seed Earth. Interplanetary transfer of material is well documented, as evidenced by meteorites of Martian origin found on Earth. [...]

Now, 'panspermia', as the DNA-transported-by-comets-seeding-life-on-earth theory is called, may get us off the hook as far as human evolution on earth is concerned, but it does not get us off the hook when considering where that DNA came from originally and how the individuals who carried it evolved, if the arguments against evolution that the panspermia scientists employ apply everywhere. Obviously, they are under the same constraints. On the other hand, that may be a way out in a different direction: DNA could be a pure manifestation of consciousness, a sort of first-level physicality, the interface between the material and non-material worlds. Pure information might be able to geometrize itself in the form of DNA and, voilà! the building blocks of life that are complex and capable of inducting consciousness itself into matter come into being in an instant. Sort of a mini-Big Bang with consciousness present to guide the 'explosion'.



Book

Amazon seller lists book at $23,698,655.93 -- plus shipping

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An independent seller apparently listed the book The Making of a Fly for more than $23 million last week.

Lots of normal people would pay $23 for a book.

But $23.7 million (plus $3.99 shipping) for a scientific book about flies!?

This unthinkable sticker price for The Making of a Fly on Amazon.com was spotted on April 18 by Michael Eisen, an evolutionary biologist and blogger.

The market-blind book listing was not the result of uncontrollable demand for Peter Lawrence's "classic work in developmental biology," Eisen writes.

Bulb

Researchers One Step Closer to Building Synthetic Brain

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© itech.dickinson.eduSingle-walled carbon nanotube and multi-walled carbon nanotube
University of Southern California researchers have come one step closer to building a synthetic brain through the invention of a carbon nanotube synapse circuit.

Professor Alice Parker and Professor Chongwu Zhou, leaders of the study from the University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, have developed a carbon nanotube synapse circuit that acts like a neuron, and could potentially be used to create a synthetic brain in an effort to better understand brain function.

Parker and Zhou wanted to use carbon nanotubes specifically because they are exceptionally tiny carbon structures that can be used as semiconductors or metallic conductors in electronic circuits.

"This is a necessary first step in the process," said Parker. "We wanted to answer the question: Can you build a circuit that would act like a neuron? The next step is even more complex. How can we build structures out of these circuits that mimic the function of the brain, which has 100 billion neurons and 10,000 synapses per neuron?"

Magnify

What are IQ tests really measuring?

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© Unknown
When the average person thinks of an IQ test, they think of a measurement of intelligence. A test designed to find those of high intelligence who will go on to succeed in academics and employment. While the question has long been debated by researchers as to what exactly the IQ test measures, a new study shows that intelligence may not be the main focus, but a person's motivation as well.

Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, psychologist Angela Lee Duckworth from the University of Pennsylvania reports her findings on how motivation levels seem to affect IQ results.

The report looks at two studies performed by Duckworth and her team. In the first study they combined the results from 46 previous studies where monetary incentives were used in IQ testing for meta-analysis. This combination brought together more than 2000 subjects. The ranges of monetary incentives were from $1 to $10 or more. Researchers used a statistical parameter called Hedge's g to indicate the effects (g values 20 IQ points). On the opposite side of the spectrum, those receiving less than $1 incentive were only 0.1 effective.