Science & TechnologyS


Attention

North America is 'dripping' down into Earth's mantle, scientists discover

N.America global
© Timothy Hodgkinson/AlamyNorth America's underside may be "dripping" down into mantle below.
Seismic mapping of North America has revealed that an ancient slab of crust buried beneath the Midwest is causing the crust above it to "drip" and suck down rocks from across the continent.

An ancient slab of Earth's crust buried deep beneath the Midwest is sucking huge swatches of present-day's North American crust down into the mantle, researchers say.

The slab's pull has created giant "drips" that hang from the underside of the continent down to about 400 miles deep (640 kilometers) inside the mantle, according to a new study. These drips are located beneath an area spanning from Michigan to Nebraska and Alabama, but their presence appears to be impacting the entire continent.

The dripping area looks like a large funnel, with rocks from across North America being pulled toward it horizontally before getting sucked down. As a result, large parts of North America are losing material from the underside of their crust, the researchers said.

Black Cat 2

Why the cat wags her tail: The mystery of animal play

ocelot and dog playing
© Sandy Huffaker/The New York Times/HeadpressRaina the Rhodesian ridgeback and Ruuxa the cheetah at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park in California, 2015.
Here's a puzzle: how could evolution favour such a costly, frivolous and fun activity as animal play?

In Cheshire, a fox is poised to pounce on its mate when a badger bursts from a bush. The badger starts chasing the fox, which keeps leaping away, finally distancing itself. Then the fox suddenly turns back, approaches cautiously, and jumps sideways, facing the badger head-on. Back arched, head low, it stops, remains still. After a pause, the badger swiftly resumes the chase, causing the fox to hop around before lunging at its companion and darting off together.


In Orlando, three dolphins are swimming in unison when one forms a perfect bubble ring. Another immediately approaches and blows another ring, which merges with the first to create a larger hoop. The third dolphin appears to attempt to pass through it, completing their improvised choreography.


Animals often engage in play, from the spectacular to the subtle. Hyenas stage mock brawls, cats spin in circles chasing their tails, octopuses play push-and-pull with bottles, dogs bury sticks only to dig them up moments later... Even polar bears have been spotted playing with dogs, grabbing them in what looks like a hug, rolling in the snow, and letting the dogs gently nibble their lips. Such scenes make us grin with delight. But is that all there is to it?

Comment: Though the author is clearly in the Darwinist camp, she raises some interesting questions about animal intelligence, and the need to widen limited lens with which we tend to view it.

Another famous example of animal play from 2015. There seems to be no motivation except enjoyment of the experience, The bird is even able to distinguish the best sliding spot:




Archaeology

'Exquisitely preserved' gigantic claws from Mongolia reveal strange adaptation in dinosaurs

dinosaur sickle claws
© Masato HattoriThe newfound dinosaur species Duonychus tsogtbaatari had two extraordinarily long sickle-shaped claws on each hand.
A new species of dinosaur with strange claws has been unearthed in Mongolia by paleontologists.

This new genus and species is a therizinosaur, plant-eating, two-legged giants with long claws, and was discovered buried in the Gobi Desert, according to a new study published Tuesday (March 25) in the journal iScience.

Unlike other therizinosaurs, which have three fingers on their hands equipped with long, sharp claws, this new species only has two fingers. This unique anatomy inspired its scientific name, named Duonychus tsogtbaatari, which is Greek for "two digits" and honors the Mongolian paleontologist Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar.

"Many species of therizinosaurs have been discovered, and this group had pretty much been defined by their three-fingered hands sporting large claws," study co-author Darla Zelenitsky, a paleontologist at the University of Calgary in Canada, told Live Science in an email. "To find a specimen with only two fingers/claws was surprising as this was so out of the ordinary for this group of dinosaurs."

Books

Lost tale of Merlin and King Arthur legend deciphered from hidden manuscript

fragment manuscript merlin king arthur legend
© Cambridge University LibraryThe ancient text containing a fragment of the legend of Merlin was found stitched into the binding of a manuscript from the 16th Century
The fragment was sewn inside another book.

An intriguing sequel to the tale of Merlin has sat unseen within the bindings of an Elizabethan deeds register for nearly 400 years. Researchers have finally been able to reveal it with cutting-edge techniques.

It is the only surviving fragment of a lost medieval manuscript telling the tale of Merlin and the early heroic years of King Arthur's court.

In it, the magician becomes a blind harpist who later vanishes into thin air. He will then reappear as a balding child who issues edicts to King Arthur wearing no underwear.

The shape-shifting Merlin - whose powers apparently stem from being the son of a woman impregnated by the devil - asks to bear Arthur's standard (a flag bearing his coat of arms) on the battlefield. The king agrees - a good decision it turns out - for Merlin is destined to turn up with a handy secret weapon: a magic, fire-breathing dragon.

Attention

Sahara Desert shows abrupt extreme climate change is natural, nothing human about it

Abrupt, dramatic climate changes happen naturally. Scientists find Sahara went from green to parched in just a matter of decades.
Symbol image generated by Grok AI.
© NoTricksZoneSymbol image generated by Grok AI.
The claim that human emissions are causing the climate to change dramatically and abruptly is used to instill fear among the population. Without human emissions, the climate would still change, but much more calmly and gradually, so they like to have us believe.

But anyone who has studied climate history knows that climate change tends happen abruptly, often over the course of just a few decades.

One example is the Sahara, which wasn't always a desert. Trees and grasslands dominated the landscape from roughly 10,000 years ago to 5,000 years ago, scientists reported in a paper published in 2013. "Then, abruptly, the climate changed, and north Africa began to dry out."

The study published in Science says it all took just a few hundred years.

Microscope 2

Study finds silent X chromosome genes 'reawaken' in older females, perhaps boosting brain power

Human sex chromosomes
(L) Female sex chromosome (R) Male sex chromosome
Females have one active X chromosome and one dormant X chromosome in each cell. But a study suggests that genes on the dormant X get "reawakened" later in life, potentially giving the brain a boost.

Dormant genes on the X chromosome may reawaken in old age, potentially giving the aging female brain a boost that the male brain doesn't receive.

This phenomenon may help to explain why, on many measures, females show a higher level of cognitive resilience in old age than males do.

The findings come from a new study in lab mice, and the researchers also backed up the results with genetic data from humans. More research is still needed to confirm that the findings in mice translate to people, but overall, the work points to a potential difference in how female and male brains age.

Palette

Do AI robo-authors qualify for copyright? It's still no, says appeals court

Computer scientist Stephen Thaler again told his 'Creativity Machine' can't earn a ©

Updated The US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has affirmed a lower court ruling that content created by an AI model without human input cannot be copyrighted.

The plaintiff in this case is computer scientist Stephen Thaler, who developed a machine-learning system called the Creativity Machine that produced an image titled, A Recent Entrance to Paradise. Here it is in all its machine-generated glory...
ai art copyright lawsuit

Microscope 1

A newly-tested method may be a more reliable way to detect debilitating Chagas disease

el paso chagas disease
Priscila Silva Grijo Farani, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow at The University of Texas at El Paso, examines an automated pipetting system used for Chagas disease samples while her mentor, Igor Almeida, Ph.D., a prominent Chagas disease researcher, looks on. Credit: The University of Texas at El Paso
Researchers at The University of Texas at El Paso have successfully tested a faster, more sensitive and reliable way to diagnose Chagas disease, a debilitating parasitic illness that affects approximately 6 million people worldwide. The results of the study were recently published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

While Chagas disease is highly prevalent across Latin America — from Mexico to Argentina — its diagnosis remains challenging due to the extensive geographic variability of parasite strains, explained Priscila Silva Grijo Farani, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in UTEP's Almeida lab who led the study.

Chagas disease, Farani said, progresses in two stages: an acute phase lasting 4-5 weeks, during which patients typically do not experience specific symptoms, and a chronic phase that can persist for decades, leading to severe heart and gastrointestinal complications.

Volcano

Scientists monitoring Alaskan volcano Mount Spurr say it's showing activity that will 'most likely end in an explosive eruption,'

mt spurr alaska active volcano
© USGS AVOView of Mount Spurr on March 11 during an AVO overflight. The summit crater is present in the lower center, Crater Peak is in the center left.
Mount Spurr near Anchorage has been showing signs of unrest for a year. Now scientists think it's creeping closer to an eruption.

A huge volcano in Alaska appears to be "moving closer to an eruption," scientists monitoring it have said.

Mount Spurr, which sits 81 miles (130 kilometers) west of Anchorage, is now releasing unusual levels of volcanic gases near its summit and from a flank vent that last erupted in 1992.

The 11,000-foot (3,370-meter) volcano has been undergoing an uptick in earthquakes and snow and ice melt on its slopes in the past year, indicating magma movement under the surface. Now, according to scientists at the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), it's most likely that this unrest will end in an eruption.

Archaeology

Skeletons uncovered in Egyptian pyramids reveal surprising historical twist

nubian pyramids egypt
© Felix Friebe/stock.adobe.comNubian pyramids in the Sudan. 3 Nubian pyramids in the Sudan. “If these hard-working individuals are indeed of lower socioeconomic status, this counters the traditional narrative that the elite were exclusively buried in monumental tombs,” concluded the team.
'Counters the traditional narrative'

"Pyramid schemes" aren't just for the wealthy.

Archaeologists have long theorized that Egyptian pyramid tombs were reserved for the elite. However, analysis of skeletons belonging to "extremely active" people might prove that they were dead wrong — and that poor physical laborers could've been interred there as well.

These findings, which were published in the Journal Of Anthropological Anthropology, could reshape how we view these ancient mausoleums.

"I think we have assumed for far too long that pyramids were just for the rich," declared study author Sara Schrader, an archaeology professor at the University Of Leiden, Netherlands, according to New Scientist.