
© NASAAn artist's impression of an active quasar.
Scientists in Australia believe they've identified a quasar in the process of lighting up, for the very first time.
This discovery could help scientists answer lingering questions about how these exceptionally bright celestial bodies form, and how they helped the ancient universe shape today's galaxies.
"I don't think we've really seen one of these objects in this stage," said Ray Norris, an astrophysicist at the Australia Telescope National Facility and leader of the research team. "We don't understand how they evolve or form."
Quasars are mostly found in far reaches of the ancient universe. Some formed only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang, making it difficult to observe their creation.
Though quasars shine, they're not stars. They're intensely bright spots near the edge of a supermassive black hole. While no light can escape from the black hole itself, its accretion disk -- the churning mass of dust and gas spiraling down into the black hole -- can shine brightly.
As dust and gas fall into the black hole, the mass speeds up, like water draining down a whirlpool. Simultaneously, matter smashes against other matter also falling into the black hole and heats up due to friction. Once the hot material is corkscrewing downward near the speed of light, it reaches millions of degrees and energized charged particles shoot off in enormous jets perpendicular to the spiraling disk.