© Narendra Shresta/ReutersPM Theresa May and Saudi Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, G20 Summit.
Saudi Arabia launched airstrikes in Yemen in late March 2015 and imposed an aerial and naval blockade on the crisis-ridden state. The Saudi-led coalition had hoped to influence the outcome of Yemen's bloody civil war. The military campaign, which has caused large-scale bloodshed and human suffering, targeted Yemen's Houthi population and a number of allied insurgent groups who support former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh.
The intervention has been described as a humanitarian catastrophe by human rights experts, including key United Nations officials. By July 2015, the UN had described the humanitarian situation in the war-torn state as a "Level 3" emergency - the highest emergency ranking it ascribes.
Sources told the Independent that May was able to raise human rights issues with the Gulf kingdom because Britain and Saudi Arabia have a "strong relationship."
The PM's concern over human rights abuses runs in contrast with her own foreign secretary, however, who defended Britain's continued arms exports to Saudi Arabia in a written statement to Parliament on Monday. "The key test for our continued arms exports to Saudi Arabia in relation to IHL [international humanitarian law] is whether there is a clear risk that those weapons might be used in a commission of a serious violation of IHL," Johnson said. "Having regard to all the information available to us, we assess that this test has not been met." The foreign secretary added the Saudi Arabian military itself is in the best position to investigate allegations of war crimes.
Britain has been accused of fueling conflicts across the Middle East through its lucrative arms sales to various regimes, including Saudi Arabia, Oman, Turkmenistan and the UAE.
An investigation by the Independent found Britain is now the second biggest arms dealer in the world. It has sold weapons to 22 of the 30 countries on the UK's own human rights watch list.
Andrew Smith of Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT) said: "These terrible figures expose the hypocrisy at the heart of UK foreign policy. "The government is always telling us that it acts to promote human rights and democracy, but it is arming and supporting some of the most repressive regimes in the world."
Comment: The Saudis' self-investigation of its war crimes will follow Israel's lead of under-the-rug sweeping denials and absolution. May is right to bring her concerns to the attention of G20 and the public. The UK is grossly implicated in the Yemeni war crimes, as a supplier of arms and therefore an accessory violator of IHL.