The disadvantage spans all ages from birth to 75, said the report, conducted jointly by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine.
Some details were surprising: even wealthier Americans and those with health insurance were not as healthy as counterparts in other prosperous nations, it found.
"We were struck by the gravity of these findings," said Steven Woolf, professor of family medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond and chair of the panel that wrote the report.
"Americans are dying and suffering at rates that we know are unnecessary because people in other high-income countries are living longer lives and enjoying better health. What concerns our panel is why, for decades, we have been slipping behind," Woolf stressed.
The report is the first of its kind to look at a range of illnesses, injuries and behaviors of people of all ages in the United States to run a comparison with counterparts in rich countries such as Australia, Canada, Japan and several countries in western Europe.
Among the countries studied, the United States was in last place or close to last in nine key benchmark areas.
They were: infant mortality and low birth weight; injuries and homicides; teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections; prevalence of HIV and AIDS; drug-related deaths; obesity and diabetes; heart disease; chronic lung disease; and disability.
Many of the health problems disproportionately plague children, the report found.
The United States has the highest infant mortality among rich countries despite the fact that it spends more on health care than any other country.
The report urges authorities to step up efforts to identify and pursue national health goals.
US President Barack Obama's landmark overhaul of the health care system, which aims to provide insurance to the majority of those currently without, is due to come into force next year after being upheld by the Supreme Court.
To the land of effective marketing. A significant number of Americans consider their food source to be drive thru windows and snack foods. Cooking anything that involves using raw ingredients that need to be prepared outside of a microwave using a plastic bowl is just too complicated. Of course they FEEL they're eating healthy when the chips and cookies contain 20% less fat and they choose the Diet Coke over the regular Coke. I'm amazed at the number of children who feed themselves by pulling something out of the freezer and putting it in the microwave. Parents don't even monitor what their kids eat these days. I only eat organic, eat zero grains and sugars and mostly drink water (can't seem to give up the morning coffee). I probably get about 2,000 or so calories a day, have maintained a steady weight with about 9% body fat for more than a decade with little effort. I never get sick, my blood work and checks are always excellent and my Lumosity.com scores are in the highest percentiles on all areas. Can't see trading all of that to shave a few minutes off of food preparation.