The findings establish that the site near Ranis, Germany, which is known for its finely flaked, leaf-shaped stone tool blades, is among the oldest confirmed sites of modern human Stone Age culture in north central and northwestern Europe.
The evidence that Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis lived side by side is consistent with genomic evidence that the two species occasionally interbred. It also feeds the suspicion that the invasion of Europe and Asia by modern humans some 50,000 years ago helped drive Neanderthals, which had occupied the area for more than 500,000 years, to extinction.
Comment: There's no strong evidence that humans drove them to extinction, with researchers continuing to propose a number of theories, such as climatic changes.
Further, note that the 50,000 year 'invasion' date is brought into question by research from Asia which shows they were already in China 45,000 years ago (and likely much, much earlier than that).
Comment: These findings bring into question: just why did Neanderthals become extinct whereas their human neighbours, ultimately, went on to thrive?
Some researchers have suggested that at least one significant difference between the two was the Neanderthals' lack of ingenuity when compared to humans, which was further highlighted in a recent study: Prehistoric jewelry reveals 9 distinct cultures across Stone Age Europe
Notably this idea contradicts popular scientific thought which, particularly in recent years, has sought to push the idea that there was little difference between the two; seemingly as part of the 'everyone is equal' ideology.
Further insight on this topic can be found in the following article: The Golden Age, Psychopathy and the Sixth Extinction