Science & TechnologyS


Info

Kiwi Company Unveils Life-Changing Technology

Hi-Tech Wheel Chair
© Rex BionicsThe Rex exoskeleton, seen in this YouTube screengrab, was developed in secret over a number of years.
A New Zealand-based technology company has today unveiled a robotic exoskeleton which could change the lives of disabled people.

Rex, short for Robotic Exoskeleton, was developed over four years and had its first public demonstration in Auckland today.

The company behind the technology, Rex Bionics, is understood to have kept the project under wraps since 2006.

Its official website said only that it had designed a disability aid using "the latest robotic techniques" but offered little other information.

Chalkboard

Miracle-tech that could fix almost everything: Major advance

Boffinry excitement in superconducting circles

Topflight boffins believe they may be on the track of the fabled room-temperature superconductor, a technology which - if achieved - promises to revolutionize various fields including hover trains, electric power, mighty dimension-portal atom smashers and even supercomputing.

The new science relates to the study of copper-oxide superconductors. A superconductor is a material which carries an electric current without any resistance: naturally, as a result, it is excellent for generating tremendously powerful magnetic fields. These are useful for such purposes as building MRI scanners, mag-lev hover trains and colossal very-fabric-of-spacetime-rending particle punchers such as the famous Large Hadron Collider.

Telescope

Record-breaking gamma ray blast briefly blinds space observatory

Image
© NASA/Swift/Stefan ImmlerThe brightest gamma-ray burst ever seen in X-rays temporarily blinded Swift's X-ray Telescope on 21 June 2010. This image merges the X-rays (red to yellow) with the same view from Swift's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, which showed nothing extraordinary. (The image is 5 arcminutes across.)
A blast of the brightest X-rays ever detected from beyond our Milky Way galaxy's neighborhood temporarily blinded the X-ray eye on NASA's Swift space observatory earlier this summer, astronomers now report. The X-rays traveled through space for 5-billion years before slamming into and overwhelming Swift's X-ray Telescope on 21 June.

The blindingly bright blast came from a gamma-ray burst, a violent eruption of energy from the explosion of a massive star morphing into a new black hole.

"This gamma-ray burst is by far the brightest light source ever seen in X-ray wavelengths at cosmological distances," said David Burrows, senior scientist and professor of astronomy and astrophysics at Penn State University and the lead scientist for Swift's X-ray Telescope (XRT).

Although the Swift satellite was designed specifically to study gamma-ray bursts, the instrument was not designed to handle an X-ray blast this bright.

"The intensity of these X-rays was unexpected and unprecedented" said Neil Gehrels, Swift's principal investigator at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. He said the burst, named GRB 100621A, is the brightest X-ray source that Swift has detected since the observatory began X-ray observation in early 2005.

Telescope

Hubble Snaps Sharp Image of Cosmic Concoction

Image
© NASA, ESA and Orsola De Marco (Macquarie University)A colorful star-forming region is featured in this stunning new NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 2467. Looking like a roiling cauldron of some exotic cosmic brew, huge clouds of gas and dust are sprinkled with bright blue, hot young stars. Strangely shaped dust clouds, resembling spilled liquids, are silhouetted against a colourful background of glowing. Like the familiar Orion Nebula, NGC 2467 is a huge cloud of gas - mostly hydrogen - that serves as an incubator for new stars. This picture was created from images taken with the Wide Field Channel of the Advanced Camera for Surveys through three different filters (F550M, F660N and F658N, shown in blue, green and red). These filters were selected to let through different colours of red and yellow light arising from different elements in the gas. The total aggregate exposure time was about 2000 seconds and the field of view is about 3.5 arcminutes across. These data were taken in 2004.
Strangely shaped dust clouds, resembling spilled liquids, are silhouetted against a colourful background of glowing gas in this newly released Hubble image. The star-forming region NGC 2467 is a vast cloud of gas - mostly hydrogen - that serves as an incubator for new stars.

Some of these youthful stars have emerged from the dense clouds where they were born and now shine brightly, hot and blue in this picture, but many others remain hidden.

The full beauty of this object and hints of the astrophysical processes at work within it are revealed in this super-sharp image from Hubble. Hot young stars that recently formed from the cloud are emitting fierce ultraviolet radiation that is causing the whole scene to glow while also sculpting the environment and gradually eroding the gas clouds.

Studies have shown that most of the radiation comes from the single hot and brilliant massive star just above the centre of the image. Its fierce radiation has cleared the surrounding region and some of the next generation of stars are forming in the denser regions around the edge.

One of the most familiar star-forming regions is the Orion Nebula, which can be seen with the naked eye. NGC 2467 is a similar but more distant example.

Such stellar nurseries can be seen out to considerable distances in the Universe, and their study is important in determining the distance and chemical composition of other galaxies. Some galaxies contain huge star-forming regions, which may contain tens of thousands of stars. Another dramatic example is the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Sherlock

New York: Ground Zero Excavators Find 18th Century Ship's Hull

Image
© AP PhotoAn explosion rips through the South Tower of the World Trade Towers after the hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into it
Workers excavating at the World Trade Center site have unearthed the 32ft long hull of a ship that is believed to have been buried in the 18th century.

The vessel probably was used along with other debris to fill in land to extend lower Manhattan into the Hudson River, archeologists said.

Molly McDonald and A. Michael Pappalardo, archeologists, were at the site of the 9/11 terror attacks when workers uncovered the artifacts.

"We noticed curved timbers that a backhoe brought up," Ms McDonald said. "We quickly found the rib of a vessel and continued to clear it away and expose the hull over the last two days."

The two archeologists work for AKRF, a firm hired to document artifacts discovered at the site. They called the find significant but said more study was needed to determine the age of the ship.

Sherlock

Egypt: Double Tomb Hints at Vast Burial Ground

Image
© Getty Images/Khaled DesoukiEgypt's antiquities chief Zahi Hawass walks by one of two painted tombs recently discovered intact below ground that date from the age of pyramids.
Egyptian archaeologists on Thursday unveiled a newly unearthed double tomb with vivid wall paintings in the ancient necropolis of Saqqara near Cairo, saying it could be the start for uncovering a vast cemetery in the area.

The tomb includes two false doors with colorful paintings depicting the two people buried there, a father and a son who served as heads of the royal scribes, said Abdel-Hakim Karar, a top archaeologist at Saqqara.

"The colors of the false door are fresh as if it was painted yesterday," Karar told reporters.

Humidity had destroyed the sarcophagus of the father, Shendwas, while the tomb of the son, Khonsu, was robbed in antiquity, he said.

Sherlock

Australia: Skulls Found in 15 Million-Year-Old Cave

Skulls found in a Queensland cave have allowed scientists to map for the first time the entire life cycle of an extinct prehistoric species.

A team of researchers from the University of New South Wales was exploring the world heritage Riversleigh fossil field, in northwestern Queensland, when they chanced upon the 15 million-year-old cave.

Among the hundreds of beautifully preserved fossils found beneath the limestone cave floor were 26 skulls from the Nimbadon, a wombat-like marsupial and major herbivore group before kangaroos.

By comparing the intact skulls from varying stages of the marsupial's life - including as babies in the pouch - scientists were able to map the Nimbadon's life cycle from birth to death in a world-first study.

"We've got skulls representing pouch young all the way through to elderly adults, and that's a first," said Karen Black from UNSW's School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Studies.

"There is no other fossil deposit (in the world) that has that."

Blackbox

Heart of darkness could explain sun mysteries

Image
© KPA/Zuma/Rex FeaturesDark within light
Is dark matter lurking at the centre of our bright sun? Yes, say two research groups who believe the elusive stuff is cooling the solar core.

The insight doesn't significantly affect the sun's overall temperature. Rather, a core chilled by dark matter would help explain the way heat is distributed and transported within the sun, a process that is poorly understood.

Dark matter doesn't interact with light and so is invisible. The only evidence for its existence is its gravitational effects on other objects, including galaxies. These effects suggest dark matter makes up about 80 per cent of the total mass of the universe.

The idea that it might lurk at the heart of the sun goes back to the 1980s, when astronomers found that the number of ghostly subatomic neutrinos leaving the sun was only about a third of what computer simulations suggested it should be. Dark matter could have explained the low yield because it would absorb energy, reducing the rate of the fusion reactions that produce neutrinos.

However, the problem was solved another way when it was found that neutrinos oscillate between three kinds, only one of which was being detected on Earth. As a result, the idea of solar dark matter was dropped.

Info

Mystery Cracked: Chicken Came First

London: It's the age-old question that has puzzled the finest minds for thousands of years - which came first: The chicken or the egg?

Now, scientists claim to have finally discovered the answer to the conundrum - it's the chicken which came first. A team from University of Sheffield and University of Warwick has found that a protein called ovocleidin (OC-17) is crucial in the formation of eggshells.

It is produced in the pregnant hen's ovaries so the correct reply to the egg riddle must be that the chicken came first, the experts say. However, the research does not come up with how the protein-producing chicken existed in the first place, the Daily Express reported on Wednesday.

Rocket

Phantom Eye hydrogen-powered spy plane unveiled

hydroge plane
© BBCThe high-altitude aircraft will be tested in 2011
Boeing has unveiled its unmanned hydrogen-powered spy plane which can fly non-stop for up to four days.

The high-altitude plane, called Phantom Eye, will remain aloft at 20,000m (65,000ft), according to the company.The demonstrator will be shipped to Nasa's Dryden Flight Research Center in California later this summer to prepare for its first flight in early 2011.
Boeing says the aircraft could eventually carry out "persistent intelligence and surveillance".

It is a product of the company's secretive Phantom Works research and development arm.
Boeing says the aircraft is capable of long endurance flights because of its "lighter" and "more powerful" hydrogen fuel system.