© Getty ImagesIAAF president Sebastian Coe
In November, Russia was suspended from all track and field events following an independent report from the World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) which revealed a culture of cheating and even included the accusation that secret services were involved.
A fresh Wada report on Wednesday made yet more damaging claims that Russian athletes have continued to fail anti-doping tests and stated that drug officers were faced with a lack of compliance when attempting to carry out their duties.
Today's decision, reported by Russian state media and deliberated over two days by 24 voting council members, comes as Lord Coe, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) president, was accused of misleading MPs about his knowledge of the drugs scandal.
John Coates, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) vice-president, has branded Russia's interior anti-doping agency a "rotten to the core" as the athletics community attempts to repair the damage done to the sport's reputation.
The Russian Sports Ministry says it "extremely disappointed" by the decision, adding: "We now appeal to the members of the International Olympic Committee to not only consider the impact that our athletes' exclusion will have on their dreams and the people of Russia, but also that the Olympics themselves will be diminished by their absence."
This week Wada claimed 73 of 455 tests on athletes could not be collected, 436 tests were declined or cancelled, and a "significant number" were missed. 52 findings were considered to be adverse. The IOC, who will gather on Tuesday, could yet overrule the IAAF ban.
Russia insist they have been harshly treated throughout the investigation, highlighting other countries, such as Ethiopia and Kenya, who have been implicated by Wada but are free to compete in major international tournaments. The decision is also likely to attract controversy as a number of clean athletes face bans for the actions of their colleagues.
Russian pole-vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva wrote an open letter to the IAAF, saying: "If some Russian athletes have failed doping tests, why must Russia's clean athletes face a ban? Why shouldn't we be able to compete in Rio against the clean athletes from other countries in Rio?"
Comment: Hybrid warfare in action. Indeed, there will be many countries whose athletes are using 'performance-enhancing drugs', but it just so happens to be Russia that is the primary target. And even in cases where it is not (that's to say; some Russian athletes are banned among athletes from many other countries), Western media coverage gives the impression that Russian athletes are particularly bad, not least because their cheating is 'state-sponsored'.
As with the biased media coverage of the football hooliganism at Euro '16, the Euro-American war against Russia will use any and every strategy to hurt Russia in any way it can.