The brain system governing the emotional response is most heritable from mother to daughter, but less so from mother to son, a new study finds.
Fathers, though, are less likely to pass on their emotional brain circuitry to either boys or girls.
The 'corticolimbic system' plays an important role in mood disorders, such as depression.
The corticolimbic system is made up of the amydala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
The research could explain why depression is strongly heritable from mother to daughter.
Not that this means mothers are solely responsible for any depression which daughters develop, Dr Fumiko Hoeft explained:
The conclusions come from a series of brain scans conducted on 35 families."Many factors play a role in depression — genes that are not inherited from the mother, social environment, and life experiences, to name only three.
Mother-daughter transmission is just one piece of it.
But this is the first study to bridge animal and human clinical research and show a possible matrilineal transmission of human corticolimbic circuitry, which has been implicated in depression, by scanning both parents and offspring.
It opens the door to a whole new avenue of research looking at intergenerational transmission patterns in the human brain."
The researchers found that the volume of grey matter was more similar in certain areas related to the emotions in mothers and daughters.
Other family relationships did not show the same strong connection.
Dr Hoeft continued:
The study was published in the Journal of Neuroscience (Yamagata et al., 2016)."This gives us a potential new tool to better understand depression and other neuropsychiatric conditions, as most conditions seem to show intergenerational transmission patterns.
Anxiety, autism, addition, schizophrenia, dyslexia, you name it — brain patterns inherited from both mothers and fathers have an impact on just about all of them."
Comment: Other studies have found that learned information about traumatic or stressful experiences can be passed on to subsequent generations via DNA changes which can contribute to the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is not just our genes and DNA which determines our health, but also environmental factors such as diet, stresses, and lifestyle choices. We can potentially affect our epigenetics by living a healthy lifestyle and providing our body with the necessary building blocks to counter these epigenetic markers.