The food industry dismissed the results of the study when they were presented in London, but they are now available for the world to see in the peer-reviewed International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health.
In response to the study, the consumer group The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) is recommended that people avoid consuming sucralose, more popularly known as Splenda.
The study found that:
"sucralose administered in feed to Swiss mice at dose levels of 0, 500, 2,000, 8,000, and 16,000 parts-per notation (ppm) from prenatal life until natural death induces a significant dose-related increased incidence of malignant tumors in male mice."The researchers write:
"These findings do not support previous data that sucralose is biologically inert. More studies are necessary to show the safety of sucralose, including new and more adequate carcinogenic bioassay on rats. Considering that millions of people are likely exposed, follow-up studies are urgent." [1]In the study, 457 male mice and 396 female Swiss mice were given feed containing varying concentrations of sucralose from the 12th day of gestation until death. When just 6.7% of the mice remained alive, after the rest had reached their natural lifespan, the remaining mice were euthanized and the organs were collected for analysis.
The researchers found a significant dose-related incidence of malignant tumors and hematopoietic neoplasias in male mice, particularly at 2,000 and 16,000 ppm.
Additionally, the scientists found:
"In females, [the data show] an increased incidence benign tumors and total tumors per 100 animals treated at various doses of sucralose, in particular harderian adenoma, polyp of the glandular stomach, adenoma, and cystodenoma of the ovaries and polyp of the uterus." [1]The team acknowledges that the reason for the increase in malignant tumors cold be attributable to the 20% decrease in mean body weight in both sexes of the mice that were given the highest levels of sucralose.
Furthermore, they acknowledged that sucralose is able to alter gut microbes.
Not everyone is convinced of the study's accuracy, however. Forbes magazine criticized the study's lead author and called the Ramazzini Institute "something of a joke in European and American science." The institute has also authored studies focusing on the potential dangers of aspartame.
Forbes needled the institute, claiming that whenever it tests for cancer, it "always seems to be positive, whereas other laboratories testing the same substances repeatedly fail to come up with the same findings." [2]
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) claims it reviewed 10 studies before it classified Splenda "generally recognized as safe."
The overall consensus, of course, is that small amounts of sucralose won't give you cancer. Great. But it's not that simple.
Harvard University points out that artificial sweeteners change the way people taste food. Since these additives are many times sweeter than regular table sugar, and over time this can make people crave naturally sweet foods like fruit less desirable, which can obviously make people use and increasing amount of artificial sweeteners.
This can lead to more health problems than "just" cancer.
"Overstimulation of sugar receptors from frequent use of these hyper-intense sweeteners may limit tolerance for more complex tastes," explains Dr. David Ludwig, an obesity and weight-loss specialist at Harvard-affiliated Boston's Children's Hospital. [3]When the body senses that it is eating something sweet, the pancreas anticipates energy and releases insulin, which is an important hormone for accumulating body fat. When this happens, chemicals are sent to the brain, causing it to become confused as to whether or not the body is actually receiving calories for fuel. The process makes us feel hungrier and less full, which can lead to weight gain. [4]
Harvard University also notes that while the FDA has ruled out the artificial sweetener-cancer link, the studies the agency reviewed were done using considerably smaller amounts of diet soda than the 24 ounces a day consumed by many people who drink diet soda.
Also, the Ivy League school says, the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis found that daily consumption of diet drinks was associated with a 36% increased risk of metabolic syndrome and a 67% increased risk of Type 2 diabetes.
There is also evidence that artificial sweeteners are addictive, so maybe having a diet soda sweetened with Splenda every once in a while won't give you cancer...but it's just too easy to consume too much of it. After all, it's not just in soda, but also in prepared meals, salad dressings, yogurts, and cereals.
"We recommend that consumers avoid sucralose, or Splenda, and we recommend consumers also avoid saccharin, aspartame, and acesulfame potassium," said Jacobson. "That said, the risk posed by over-consumption of sugar and high-fructose corn syrup, particularly from soda and other sugar-sweetened beverages, of diabetes, heart disease, and obesity, far outweighs the cancer risk posed by sucralose and most other artificial sweeteners. Consumers are better off drinking water, seltzer, or flavored waters..." [5]Why consume something that could make you ill?
Sources:
[1] Food Navigator
[2] Deseret News
[3] Harvard Health Publications
[4] The Dr. Oz Show
[5] Center for Science in the Public Interest
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