© Aris Messinis/AFP/Getty ImagesGreek Archbishop Ieronimos blesses the new caretaker prime minister, Panagiotis Pikrammenos, right, in Athens Thursday. Greeks will return to the polls next month after an inconclusive vote sent jitters across the eurozone.
In an apparent signal to Greek voters, the head of the World Bank warned Thursday that if Athens were to depart from the common currency, Spain and Italy could well be the next dominoes to fall in Europe's widening financial crisis.
After ousting the Athens government that agreed to deeper spending cuts in return for a financial lifeline, voters return to the polls in June after the winning parties failed to form a new government. Apparently hoping to convince Greek voters to return a pro-austerity government to power, European officials are now openly discussing the likely dire consequences if they don't.
But the comments may have only served to heighten fears of a wider breakup of the eurozone should Greece exit the monetary union.
Investors backed away further from Spain's government debt Thursday, raising the country's borrowing costs to levels that sparked the Greek debt crisis in the first place.
Bond buyers were also reacting to fresh economic data showing that Spain's economy is beginning to shrink, which makes its existing debt load even harder to carry.
The growing crisis also has caused growing nervousness among U.S. investors. Since the inconclusive Greek vote May 6, the Dow Jones industrial average has fallen in seven out of eight sessions and was down again Thursday. U.S. banking giant JPMorgan Chase send another ripple of worries through the market May 10 when it said it had lost at least $2 billion in a failed attempt to hedge against European volatility.
The recession is also putting more pressure on Spain's banks, which have been saddled with bad mortgages as the country faces a deepening housing bust. Last week, the government took over Bankia, which holds 10 percent of the banking system's deposits, after it reportedly suffered an large outflow of deposits.
The news follows reports that depositors pulled another $900 million out of Greek banks on Wednesday, extending a capital flight that could bring down Greece's banking system. The fear is that those worries spread among depositors in other countries like Spain where the banking system is already under pressure.
Until very recently, European officials were loath to even discuss the idea of Greece's departure from the compact binding 17 nations with a common currency. For one thing, the treaty that created the euro has no provision for a member country to abandon the currency or for its expulsion by the rest of the monetary union.
But central bankers and officials of agencies like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund have begun to think - and discuss - the unthinkable. IMF chief Christine Lagarde warned this week that Greek's departure from the euro would be "quite messy" and "extremely expensive."
Analysts who are looking at the potential impact say the losses and economic pain would be widely felt.
Replacing the euro with a new, devalued currency would wipe out much of the remaining assets on Greek bank books. Europe's central bankers have already pulled back some forms of funding for Greek banks that have been hit hardest by withdrawals. Hundreds of billions worth of additional borrowing by Greek households and businesses would be in legal limbo.
Any new currency - or a return to the pre-euro drachma - would be massively devalued, by some estimates as much as half the value of a euro. That would help Greece's economy eventually get back on a growth path because it would make its products and services cheaper for buyers spending dollars and euros. A week's vacation in Crete would cost half the price of a comparable trip to Sardinia.
But Greek households and businesses would bear the immediate pain. Imported goods and commodities like oil would suddenly cost twice as much. Households and businesses making good on outstanding loans written in euros would see repayment double in local currency terms.
European officials who engineered the costly plan to "save" Greece -- led by France and Germany -- would also feel the pain. Much or all of the more than $200 billion in loans already extended to the Greek government by the IMF, European Central Bank and Europe's private banks would be at risk. That would mean explaining to French and German taxpayers what went wrong with the grand plan.
It would also raise the political costs of extending further bailouts to weaker, debt-burdened countries including Spain and Italy. As Greece demonstrates that a once-unthinkable exit from the euro is now possible, other countries may follow. If investors continued to shun Spanish and Italian government bonds and depositors flee their banks, the choice facing Europe grows more stark.
Worries about the fragmentation of Europe's monetary union have already sapped business and consumer confidence and brought the region's economy to a dead stop. Government austerity measures imposed on weaker economies are driving them deeper into recession.
As that recession spreads, the pain of Greece's departure from the euro would be felt even more broadly, according to Michel Juvet, an economist at Bordier, a Swiss bank.
"At the same time we have China, which is slowing down very, very fast, we have the U.S. economy, which is losing momentum, and we have this global slowdown, " he said. "All economies are so connected that when one country or one big zone is suffering, the others are suffering as well. This is globalization."
Others see the crisis in starker terms.
"This is phase two of the global financial crisis," said R. Seetharaman, CEO of Doha Bank in Qatar. "That's the reality."
Weater wise, and 2013 brings global weather so severe governments are required to use the military to provide safety and suspend movements like withdrawing from the EU, it would seem that any crisis presented by countries wishing to withdraw would be nullified.
I wonder if this 'stock market glitch' and now this multiplying 2 billion bank dollars might have put the EU financial & unification questions served to provide the cash cushion to delay any significant action by disgruntled nations under the EU banner.