Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can cause slight brain shrinkage in post-menopausal women, leading to memory loss and dementia.

According to a study published in Neurology, the use of postmenopausal hormone therapy accelerates atrophy and brain tissue loss in women aged 65 and older.

The shrinkage was more pronounced in women with underlying memory problems prior to the initiation of the treatment, indicating that treatment accelerates the process of existing neurodegenerative diseases in these women.

Smaller frontal lobe and hippocampus, the brain areas involved in thinking and memory, are reported in women undergoing HRT.

Scientists concluded that hormone therapy has negative effects on the brain structures responsible for maintaining normal memory function in older post-menopausal women.

HRT is commonly used in women with the aim of alleviating the unpleasant symptoms of menopause such as hot flushes, mood swings and bone thinning.

Previous studies, however, had linked the use of HRT with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and certain cancers.