© Reuters/ Toby MelvillePorton Down is dealing with the ex Russian double agent probe
Britain is bracing for answers over the conspicuous poisoning of Skripal and his daughter Yulia, 33, in Wiltshire over the weekend. Many have been quick to pin the blame on Russia, while the nation's home secretary has called for the investigation to rely on facts - not rumors.
The center hoping to gather those facts has itself been shrouded in mystery for decades. Porton Down, officially named the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, is one of Britain's most controversial military facility. The army center for research into chemical and biological weapons, located near Salisbury, was founded in 1916 to counter German gas attacks in World War I. In the 1950s, scientists there developed non-lethal CS gas, better known as tear gas, as well as the deadly nerve agent VX.
The center tells the outside world its focus is to improve defense, aiming to improve equipment and tests in order to protect troops and the population. But the secretive state facility has been at the center of accusations of experiments on animals and humans.
In 1999, police probed allegations of testing that may have endangered the lives of soldiers without their knowledge, according to AFP. The people in the case claimed to have been forced into Cold War-era chemical testing.
Nine years later, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) awarded 360 former members of the armed forces compensation of £3 million ($4.2 million). However, no criminal prosecutions were brought.
Other claims include cannabis had been grown on the site, and that aliens had been taken there. In recent years, the laboratory has participated in Ebola research in the fight against the epidemic in Sierra Leone since 2013, the use of chemical weapons in Syria.
In a June 2016 press release titled 'The truth about Porton Down' the MoD admitted successful testing "could not, currently, be achieved without the use of animals." It added it is "committed to reducing the number of animal experiments."
Porton Down employs 3,000 scientists and has an annual budget of £500 million ($695 million). Around 20,000 people have taken part in studies over the decades. It says without human volunteers' involvement "we could not have developed the highly effective clothing and medical countermeasures that our armed forces rely on."
"[Porton Down] has always been operated to the highest ethical standards of the day," the MoD added.
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