Science & TechnologyS


Arrow Down

DARPA proposes KAIROS, an AI that can monitor the entire world for threats

DARPA AI
© Pixabay composite
DARPA already has a reputation as the mad scientist lab of the defense industry (even if they try to deny their work on metahumans or cyborgs), but their previous projects pale in comparison to the sheer scope of their newest artificial intelligence proposal: KAIROS, short for "Knowledge-directed Artificial Intelligence Reasoning Over Schemas." Its purpose? To gaze at the reams of information coming in from all corners of the world to identify patterns and trends that could lead to terrorist attacks, fiscal crises, or other large-scale cataclysmic phenomena.

Many companies (and state intelligence agencies) have dealt with the rise of "Big Data" by utilizing artificial intelligence to sift through all the noise to find useful information.

Unfortunately, AI still has trouble seeing the big picture, especially when it comes to patterns that are obvious to humans. As DARPA program manager Dr. Boyan Onyshkevych describes it: "The process of uncovering relevant connections across mountains of information and the static elements that they underlie requires temporal information and event patterns, which can be difficult to capture at scale with currently available tools and systems."

Satellite

Space microbes aren't so alien after all - they're just trying to survive

ISS international Space Station
© NASA/RoscosmosThe International Space Station photographed by Expedition 56 crew members from a Soyuz spacecraft after undocking.
Genetic evidence shows bacteria on the International Space Station are adapting to survive, not to harm

Microbes stranded in the International Space Station (ISS) are just trying to survive, man.

A new Northwestern University study has found that -- despite its seemingly harsh conditions -- the ISS is not causing bacteria to mutate into dangerous, antibiotic-resistant superbugs.

While the team found that the bacteria isolated from the ISS did contain different genes than their Earthling counterparts, those genes did not make the bacteria more detrimental to human health. The bacteria are instead simply responding, and perhaps evolving, to survive in a stressful environment.

Blue Planet

Newly discovered K2-288Bb planet lies within habitable zone and may have liquid water on its surface

K2-288Bb
© Francis Reddy | NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterK2-288Bb lies within the star's habitable zone, suggesting it may have liquid water on the surface. The exoplanet lies in the stellar system K2-288, which has two dim, cool stars.
NASA's Kepler space telescope ran out of fuel in October last year. Data gathered during the course of its scientific mission, however, paved way to the discovery of a new exoplanet.

Planet K2-288Bb

The newly identified planet dubbed K2-288Bb is twice the size of the Earth. It lies within its host star's habitable zone, which means the planet may have liquid water on its surface.

It could either be rocky like our home planet or gas-rich like Neptune.

The new world is located 226 light-years away in the constellation Taurus and lies in a stellar system called K2-288.

Comment: With life being found in even the most extreme conditions on our planet, deep underground, underwater and high up in the atmosphere, as well as a number of planets expected to have some form of water and in habitable zones, it's likely there is life of some kind on other planets.


Laptop

First commercial Quantum computer revealed by IBM

Quantum Computer
© IBM/AFP/FileThis undated file photo courtesy of IBM shows Watson, powered by IBM POWER7
A major announcement was made at the 2019 CES in Las Vegas, from IBM. This was the presentation of the computer firm's first commercial quantum computer. This is a 20-qubit 'hybrid' system, capable of quantum and conventional computing operations.

By hybrid, this is an indication that the new offering from IBM combines into a single platform a quantum computer together with a classical computer. The new computer is aimed at academic and business applications (particularity financial services, pharmaceuticals and for developers of artificial intelligence), and it is the first quantum computer from IBM for use outside of its own facility (where people can access quantum computers via cloud services).

IBM's development is called the the IBM Q system. The system boasts state-of-the-art superconducting qubits that can operate rapidly, performing operations within 100 microseconds. The main computer is housed within a nine-foot-tall, nine-foot-wide case of half-inch thick borosilicate glass forming a sealed, airtight enclosure, which has been designed by leading design firms, including Milan-based Goppion.

The housing is not only about design. The casing is vital to the quantum operation, where cryogenic engineering is required to deliver a continuous cold and isolated quantum environment. Within the device, high precision electronics, in compact form, work to tightly control large numbers of qubits.

Info

Gigantic jets and upper atmospheric phenomena

Gigantic Jet
© NASA
We're all well acquainted with lightning. The bright, brief flashes of electrical energy puncture the general monotony of Earth's sky. Their luminous dance, however, is restricted to within and below the planet's billowing thunderclouds. Often shielded from our view above is a light show of a more magnificent nature. Here can be seen transient bursts of luminous plasma, the most common of which is a sprite, resembling a red mushroom cloud between 50 and 100 kilometers above the surface. Lucky onlookers can also see blue jets, bold, yet wispy blue bolts extending upwards from the tops of clouds to as high as 40 to 50 kilometers.

Rarest of all the "lightning above the clouds" is the gigantic jet, which is like a supersized blue jet that transitions to the color red at the highest altitudes. Scientists at the Arecibo Observatory once observed a blue jet extending from a thundercloud up to 70 kilometers, blazing at speeds of roughly 2,000,000 meters per second, more than forty times faster than ground lightning!

What sparks these bright behemoths? This was the topic of a recent study published to Scientific Reports. Researchers from the Florida Institute of Technology and the University of New Hampshire made use of different radar variables, lightning data, and lightning simulations to theorize what exactly goes on within a thundercloud.

Meteor

New study reveals dinosaur killing Chicxulub asteroid caused a global mile high tsunami

Tsunami Chicxulub asteroid
© AlamuThe nine mile wide asteroid believed to have killed off the dinosaurs caused a tsunami wave a mile high, a new study led by Michigan researchers has found.
The nine mile wide asteroid believed to have killed off the dinosaurs caused a tsunami wave a mile high, a new study has found.

The tsunami through the Gulf of Mexico caused chaos throughout the world's oceans.

Experts have now simulated the effects for the first time - and say it was far worse than they thought.

The Chicxulub asteroid resulted in a huge global tsunami, the likes of which have not been seen in modern history,' Molly Range, who did the research while getting her master's degree in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Michigan, told Livescience.

Range and her colleagues presented the research, which has yet to be published in a peer-reviewed journal, at the American Geophysical Union's annual meeting on Dec. 14 in Washington, D.C.

Comment: See also:


Info

Six supernovae and three planets discovered by TESS

New Planets
© NASA / MIT / TESSNASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has found three confirmed exoplanets in the data from the space telescope’s four cameras.
Launched in April 2018, TESS began science operations in July last year, surveying the sky from a "lunar resonant orbit," and has now completed observations of six sectors, each monitored for 27 days at a time. By the time the mission is done, TESS's wide-field cameras will have covered the whole sky in search of transiting exoplanets around 200,000 of the nearest (and brightest) stars.

The finds presented at the AAS meeting, which use only the first three months of observations, show that TESS is on track to discover several thousand exoplanets. Hundreds of astronomers are involved in the ground-based efforts that will follow up on, confirm, and characterize these planets. But details on the hundreds of candidates were sparse; the first catalog paper is still forthcoming.

More details were available for the confirmed planets:
  • Pi Mensae c, previously reported here, is an oddball of a super-Earth. About twice Earth's size and five times Earth's mass, the planet circles its Sun-like star in six days. What makes that odd is that its previously discovered sibling, Pi Mensae b, is a gas giant ten times Jupiter's mass in a highly elongated, six-year orbit. How two planets on such different trajectories formed in a single system remains an open question.
  • LHS 3844 b is a hot, slightly more than Earth-size planet that circles its red dwarf star in just 11 hours. As with the Pi Mensae planets, the formation of LHS 3844 b is a mystery. Fortunately, the system is only 49 light-years away, making it ideal for future studies.
  • HD 21749 b, the newest discovery, is a sub-Neptune that's three times Earth's size but 23 times its mass. It's denser than Neptune, but not so much that it's rocky. Astronomers suspect it has a thick, heavy atmosphere. The planet is on a 36-day orbit, with additional transit data made available by the HARPS team.

Mars

The Zeller-Nikolov climate discovery: Carbon dioxide has no measurable effect on planetary temperature

The planet Venus
© NASAThe planet Venus

Nature created the fundamental mathematical relationship now known as E=mc2. A mathematical finding, if proven valid, is a real phenomenon; as real as finding a diamond in a river bed. Nature creates fundamental mathematical relationships; humans only discover them.

The straightforward and crystal-clear mathematical discovery by Dr. Karl Zeller and Dr. Ned Nikolov has many enemies. If their finding is proven accurate, it could bankrupt the wind and solar industries and put heavy pressure on politicians to end biofuel mandates. It would embarrass most politicians and almost all climate scientists, even those who believe carbon dioxide has no significant effect on Earth temperatures.

Beaker

Origin-of-life remains enigmatic: Implausibility and researcher-intervention still haunt latest research

origin of life
© Illustra Media
Maverick journalist Susan Mazur, who is more willing than most reporters to ask hard questions, gave one of the most thorough views inside the minds of origin-of-life (hereafter OOL) researchers in her book The Origin of Life Circus: A How to Make Life Extravaganza. The book, organized around the metaphor of circus actors like ringmasters and lion tamers, includes lengthy statements from the leading lights of the field, drawn mostly from her own interviews with them. It's an enticing read, filled with delicious quotes for Darwin skeptics. Some researchers were extremely frank about the problems they were facing, both empirical and philosophical. A few were mostly bluffing with an overconfidence unjustified by the actual data.

Darwin defenders like to point out that Darwin did not address the origin of life. He only speculated about it in a letter to his friend Joseph Hooker in 1871, envisioning a "warm little pond all sorts of ammonia & phosphoric salts, - light, heat, electricity &c" - a statement that lit a thousand labs with sparks and flasks of organic fluids. Darwinists hasten to add that, since natural selection is not possible before replicators, his theory should be unhinged from the origin of life. Unhinged it may be, in more ways than one, but for the record, it is called "chemical evolution" and one can hardly imagine Darwinism without it. It remains a high but essential hurdle in the materialist scenario of molecules-to-man evolution.

Info

First phase liquid transition found in biology

zebrafish embryo
© MICHALRENEE/GETTY IMAGESA zebrafish embryo. Somewhere in there, there is liquid.

For the first time, researchers have documented a living organism passing through a liquid phase during its development.


In a study in the journal Nature Cell Biology, a group of scientists led by Carl-Philipp Heisenberg of the Institute of Science and Technology Austria show that cells within embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) turn temporarily into a liquid as the embryo grows.

"Such a fluidity transition was predicted to happen by theory and models, but here we show for the first time that it happens in a real, living organism," says lead author Nicoletta Petridou.

The yolk of zebrafish eggs is covered with a blastoderm, a thin layer of tissue. As the egg develops, the blastoderm forms a dome. By testing the tissue throughout the development of the embryo, the team finds that during "doming," the tissue at its centre suddenly becomes a fluid.

The researchers explain that the fluidity occurs when cells divide rapidly. Cells are normally connected to their neighbours, but during this phase of massive change, they effectively become free-floating.