The burning of herbs and plant resins for medicinal and spiritual purposes - so-called 'smudging' - is an ancient practice among indigenous people around the world; one increasingly adopted by Westerners. Smudging is a technology believed to unlock the 'spirits' of various plant allies to restore balance and ease to the individual or group. Some liken it to taking a 'spiritual shower,' enabling you to wash away emotional and spiritual negativity that accumulates in your body and the spaces you live.
That said, skeptics believe attributing health benefits to the burning of sage and incense reflects 'magical thinking.' The practice has even been accused of being a New Age form of cultural imperialism where 'plastic' or 'white' shamans mimic and co-opt the traditions of indigenous people their predecessors essentially conquered.
Given the polarized view on this increasingly common practice, as well as the well known role that the burning of incense plays in even Western religious traditions, such as Catholicism, we decided to explore the published literature on the topic of smudging's scientifically validated medical benefits, to see what we could find.
First, we uncovered a 2006 review published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology titled "Medicinal smokes," that looked at single and multi-ingredient herbal and non-herbal remedies administered as smoke from 50 countries across 5 continents. The researchers found, with surprising overlap worldwide, medicinal smoke is mostly used to address the following specific organ systems: "pulmonary (23.5%), neurological (21.8%) and dermatological (8.1%)." They also found that "ambient smoke," which is the type of passively inhaled smoke generated by smudging/incense, is traditionally believed to be an effective "air purifier." The review argued that modern medicine should investigate medicinal smoke as a drug delivery system, owing to the following advantages: "The advantages of smoke-based remedies are rapid delivery to the brain, more efficient absorption by the body and lower costs of production."
Medicinal smokes
Abstract:
All through time, humans have used smoke of medicinal plants to cure illness. To the best of our knowledge, the ethnopharmacological aspects of natural products' smoke for therapy and health care have not been studied. Mono- and multi-ingredient herbal and non-herbal remedies administered as smoke from 50 countries across the 5 continents are reviewed. Most of the 265 plant species of mono-ingredient remedies studied belong to Asteraceae (10.6%), followed by Solanaceae (10.2%), Fabaceae (9.8%) and Apiaceae (5.3%). The most frequent medical indications for medicinal smoke are pulmonary (23.5%), neurological (21.8%) and dermatological (8.1%). Other uses of smoke are not exactly medical but beneficial to health, and include smoke as a preservative or a repellent and the social use of smoke. The three main methods for administering smoke are inhalation, which accounts for 71.5% of the indications; smoke directed at a specific organ or body part, which accounts for 24.5%; ambient smoke (passive smoking), which makes up the remaining 4.0%. Whereas inhalation is typically used in the treatment of pulmonary and neurological disorders and directed smoke in localized situations, such as dermatological and genito-urinary disorders, ambient smoke is not directed at the body at all but used as an air purifier. The advantages of smoke-based remedies are rapid delivery to the brain, more efficient absorption by the body and lower costs of production. This review highlights the fact that not enough is known about medicinal smoke and that a lot of natural products have potential for use as medicine in the smoke form. Furthermore, this review argues in favor of medicinal smoke extended use in modern medicine as a form of drug delivery and as a promising source of new active natural ingredients.
Medicinal smoke reduces airborne bacteria.
Abstract:
This study represents a comprehensive analysis and scientific validation of our ancient knowledge about the effect of ethnopharmacological aspects of natural products' smoke for therapy and health care on airborne bacterial composition and dynamics, using the Biolog microplate panels and Microlog database. We have observed that 1h treatment of medicinal smoke emanated by burning wood and a mixture of odoriferous and medicinal herbs (havan sámagri=material used in oblation to fire all over India), on aerial bacterial population caused over 94% reduction of bacterial counts by 60 min and the ability of the smoke to purify or disinfect the air and to make the environment cleaner was maintained up to 24h in the closed room. Absence of pathogenic bacteria Corynebacterium urealyticum, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Enterobacter aerogenes (Klebsiella mobilis), Kocuria rosea, Pseudomonas syringae pv. persicae, Staphylococcus lentus, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. tardicrescens in the open room even after 30 days is indicative of the bactericidal potential of the medicinal smoke treatment. We have demonstrated that using medicinal smoke it is possible to completely eliminate diverse plant and human pathogenic bacteria of the air within confined space.
The researchers reported their amazing findings:
We have observed that 1 hour treatment of medicinal smoke emanated by burning wood and a mixture of odoriferous and medicinal herbs (havan sámagri=material used in oblation to fire all over India), on aerial bacterial population caused over 94% reduction of bacterial counts by 60 min and the ability of the smoke to purify or disinfect the air and to make the environment cleaner was maintained up to 24 hour in the closed room. Absence of pathogenic bacteria Corynebacterium urealyticum, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Enterobacter aerogenes (Klebsiella mobilis), Kocuria rosea, Pseudomonas syringae pv. persicae, Staphylococcus lentus, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. tardicrescens in the open room even after 30 days is indicative of the bactericidal potential of the medicinal smoke treatment. We have demonstrated that using medicinal smoke it is possible to completely eliminate diverse plant and human pathogenic bacteria of the air
within confined space."
Did you catch that?
Not only did the burning of medicinal herbs clear aerial bacterial populations by 94% within one hour, but a full day later, the closed room was still effectively decontaminated. Even more amazing, a full month later, seven other pathogenic bacteria in the open room were still non-detectable.
When one considers that modern urban air has been found to contain at least 1800 diverse bacterial types[1] - including families with pathogenic members - this finding could have profound implications for combating a increasingly deadly array of antibiotic-resistant bacteriaagainst which even the CDC itself has acknowledged its impotence. Consider also that a recent microbiome of NYC's subway system found close to 1700 different microbes, including those responsible for Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) and Bubonic Plague (yersinia pestis).[2]
Also, considering that conventional methods of air and surface sterilization and odor neutralization use chemical cocktails (e.g. Lysol) that are much less effective than advertised (one study found them up to 10 times less effective than believed), smudging or the use of natural incense products might constitute a far safer and more effective approach.
Given this discovery of medicinal smoke's potent cleansing properties on aerosol microbes, we might look at Smudging's traditional use as a cleanser of 'evil spirits' or 'negative energy' as less like a primitive projection and more like a metaphor for its very real antiseptic properties. This does not, of course, take away from its 'cleansing' effects upon the body's subtler energy systems; nor does it take away from the the effects the medicinal smokes and its various small-molecule aromatic compounds have upon the olfactory system, which are largely responsible for the clinically proven health benefits of aromatherapy-based interventions.
. . .and finding it remarkable I dug up the company in India who compound the very complex herb mixture discussed and e-mailed them, twice. No reply . . .
Talking about it with a friend I was pointed to the notion of cold plasma air cleaning, as implemented by, amoung many others of course, the people at this [Link] .
On the home page we can read:
How it Works
Plasma Air ionization equipment is typically mounted in the central air conditioning system; either in the air handling unit itself or on the main supply ductwork. Millions of ions are formed as air passes over the ionization tubes. These ions travel through the duct system and out into the treated space attacking pollutants where they are most problematic – where we work, learn, live, eat, and sleep.
Much like sunlight does in the atmosphere, the Plasma Air technology produces a natural bio-climate rich in active oxygen molecules, otherwise known as ions. The Plasma Air system creates a measurable and controllable quantity of positive and negative oxygen ions. The negative ions contain an extra electron while the positive ions are missing an electron resulting in an unstable condition. These unstable ions provide the following benefits:
Particle Reduction
Airborne particles are charged by the ions through ionic bonding. These charged particles stick together increasing their size allowing them to be easily removed by even low grade filters. Additionally, particles are the vehicles that transmit bacteria cells from person to person. As the ions cause increased particle size, the result is less bacteria in the breathing zone.
Sterilization
As they divide in the split zone, bacteria and mold spores bond with active oxygen molecules and are oxidized and destroyed. The bacteria and mold can no longer multiply.
Odor Neutralization
Odorous gases and aerosols oxidize on contact with active oxygen molecules. Odors, especially of an organic origin, are quickly eliminated.
VOC Control
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases where there is carpeting, building materials, furniture, office equipment, cleaning agents, paints, glues, solvents or pesticides. The ions trade electrons with these VOCs breaking down their molecular structures into less harmful ones
Health Benefits
Human and animal lungs absorb oxygen more efficiently from clean ionized air, enhancing general health and well-being. Alertness and concentration are improved.
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So, none of the romance but at least a good part of the effect . . .