Science & TechnologyS


Chalkboard

Russian mathematician quietly publishes paper — and solves one of the most famous unsolved conjectures in mathematics

Tia Ghose
Live Science
Tue, 11 Nov 2025 16:52 UTC
Mathematician Grigori Perelman solved the Poincaré conjecture, and then rejected the $1 million prize that came with it.

A Torus
© Marilyn Perkins; Contains assets from Doni Purba and Pazhyna via Getty ImagesA torus is not equivalent to a sphere because the two blue loops drawn on its surface cannot be continuously tightened to a point.
On a cold day in November, a man living quietly in Russia posted a paper to a public server.

Published by "Grisha Perelman" and titled "The entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications," it was the foundation for one of the most important math proofs.

The paper was the first of three published over the next year solving the long-standing Poincaré conjecture, a hypothesis posed nearly a century earlier by Henri Poincaré.

In simple terms, Poincaré hypothesized that if you were to take any kind of 3D space — from a cat to the Empire State Building — and draw a 2D loop on it, if you can shrink that loop down to a point without breaking either the loop or the shape, then the space is mathematically equivalent to a sphere.

Proving this conjecture was crucial to topology, the mathematical study of shapes. Mathematician Stephen Smale had solved the conjecture in five dimensions in 1961, earning math's prestigious Fields Medal in the process. But the 3D case proved the most intractable.
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Info

Chandra spies a supernova shock front speeding along

Lexi Gault
AAS Nova
Fri, 07 Nov 2025 16:23 UTC
supernova remnant N132D
© NASA, ESA, and the Hubble SM4 ERO TeamOptical image of supernova remnant N132D in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud.
Beautiful bubbles of hot ionized gas, supernova remnants trace the dying days of massive stars. A recent study uses the Chandra X-ray Observatory to detail the motion and understand the origins of one supernova remnant.

Retracing Supernova Remnants

Massive stars, about 8 solar masses or larger, will end their short lives in violent core-collapse supernovae. These explosions barrel into any surrounding interstellar medium, carving out low-density cavities and blowing material outward. Appearing as a bubble or shell of hot gas, a supernova remnant carries the signatures of the type of star that produced it and the ways that star shaped its environment throughout its life.

Nearby, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, is the 2,500-year-old supernova remnant N132D — the most X-ray luminous supernova remnant within the Local Group. Though N132D's size, likely progenitor mass, and chemical composition are well constrained, astronomers have yet to nail down the velocity of the X-ray shock front — the outer edge of the supernova remnant that rams into the interstellar medium. This measurement is critical to understanding the local conditions the supernova first encountered and how its expansion will continue to impact the interstellar medium over time.
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Comet 2

Comet 3I/ATLAS has sprouted an unusual tail


SpaceWeather.com
Sun, 09 Nov 2025 02:59 UTC
After passing behind the sun in October, interstellar Comet 3I/ATLAS is now visible from Earth again. Astronomers are photographing it in the pre-dawn sky.

Michael Jaeger of Austria has been tracking the comet since it re-appeared on Nov. 4th. "We have something unusual to report," he says. "3I/ATLAS showed a complex tail structure early this morning (Nov. 8th)."
Comet 3I/ATLAS unusual tail
© Taken by Michael Jaeger on November 8, 2025 @ AZM Martinsberg Austria
There is something unusual to report. 3I/ATLAS showed a complex tail structure early this morning. We observed it at 29 degrees elongation from the Sun.

The sum image from 24x35sec green and 2x35 red and 2x35 blue with 11" RASA shows a 5' coma and 4-5 tails or jets: 400“ pa 0, 500” pa 316, 900“ pa 295, 430” pa 278 and a counter-tail 200" pa 109 At the time of exposure, the comet was 7-10° above the horizon; at the end, twilight interfered with the observation, which took place under bright moonlight. We observed from a mountain location.

The comet was 9m1 bright (measured from 6x35 sec green).
"At the time of exposure, the comet was 7-10° above the horizon," he says. "At the end, twilight interfered with the observation, which took place under bright moonlight. We observed from a mountain location."
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Satellite

NASA-ISRO Satellite sends first radar images of Earth's surface

Gerelle Q. Dodson
NASA
Thu, 25 Sep 2025 00:00 UTC
Maine’s Mount Desert Island
© NASA/JPL-CaltechCaptured on Aug. 21, this image from NISAR’s L-band radar shows Maine’s Mount Desert Island. Green indicates forest; magenta represents hard or regular surfaces, like bare ground and buildings. The magenta area on the island’s northeast end is the town of Bar Harbor.
The NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) Earth-observing radar satellite's first images of our planet's surface are in, and they offer a glimpse of things to come as the joint mission between NASA and ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) approaches full science operations later this year.

Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy:
"Launched under President Trump in conjunction with India, NISAR's first images are a testament to what can be achieved when we unite around a shared vision of innovation and discovery. This is only the beginning. NASA will continue to build upon the incredible scientific advancements of the past and present as we pursue our goal to maintain our nation's space dominance through Gold Standard Science."
Images from the spacecraft, which was launched by ISRO on July 30, display the level of detail with which NISAR scans Earth to provide unique, actionable information to decision-makers in a diverse range of areas, including disaster response, infrastructure monitoring, and agricultural management.
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HAL9000

Chaos and lies: Why Sam Altman was booted from OpenAI, according to new testimony

Hayden Field
The Verge
Thu, 06 Nov 2025 21:12 UTC
sam altman OpenAI
Sam Altman
OpenAI cofounder Ilya Sutskever was deposed by Elon Musk's lawyers.

"What did Ilya see?" Two years ago, it was the meme seen 'round the world (or at least 'round the tech industry). OpenAI CEO Sam Altman had been briefly ousted in November 2023 by members of the company's board of directors, including his longtime collaborator and fellow cofounder Ilya Sutskever. The board claimed Altman "was not consistently candid in his communications with the board," undermining their confidence in him. He was out for less than a week before being reinstated after hundreds of employees threatened to resign. But observers wondered: What hadn't Altman been candid about? And what led Sutskever to turn against him?

Now, new details have come to light in a legal deposition involving Sutskever, part of Musk's ongoing lawsuit against Altman and OpenAI. For nearly 10 hours on October 1st, bookended by repeated sniping between Musk's and Sutsever's attorneys, Sutskever answered questions about the turmoil around Altman's ouster, from conflicts between executives to short-lived merger talks with Anthropic. He testified that from personal experience and documentation he'd viewed, he'd seen Altman pit high-ranking executives against each other and offer conflicting information about his plans for the company, telling people what they wanted to hear.

Comment: Sam Altman's involvement in the AI biz proven pretty shady. A small sample: From the last article:
Ahead of OpenAI CEO Sam Altman's four days in exile, several staff researchers wrote a letter to the board of directors warning of a powerful artificial intelligence discovery that they said could threaten humanity, two people familiar with the matter told Reuters.

The previously unreported letter and AI algorithm were key developments before the board's ouster of Altman, the poster child of generative AI, the two sources said. Prior to his triumphant return late Tuesday, more than 700 employees had threatened to quit and join backer Microsoft in solidarity with their fired leader.

The sources cited the letter as one factor among a longer list of grievances by the board leading to Altman's firing, among which were concerns over commercializing advances before understanding the consequences. Reuters was unable to review a copy of the letter. The staff who wrote the letter did not respond to requests for comment.


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Telescope

Observatory spots biggest, most distant black hole flare ever recorded

Whitney Clavin
CalTech
Tue, 04 Nov 2025 17:32 UTC
illustration black hole eat star
© Caltech/R. Hurt (IPAC)This artist's concept depicts a supermassive black hole in the process of shredding a massive star (formally called a tidal disruption event or TDE) —at least 30 times the mass of our Sun—to pieces.
The flare, co-discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility, may be the result of a mega black-hole meal

The most massive stars in the universe are destined to explode as brilliant supernova before collapsing into black holes. Yet one huge star appears to have never fulfilled its destiny; in a twist of irony, the star wandered too close to a gargantuan black hole, which gobbled it up, shredding the star to bits and pieces.

That is the most likely explanation to come from authors of a new Nature Astronomy report describing the most powerful and most distant flare of energy ever recorded from a supermassive black hole. The cosmic object was first observed in 2018 by the US National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), based at Caltech's Palomar Observatory, and the Caltech-led Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, which is also funded by NSF. The flare rapidly brightened by a factor of 40 over a period of months, and, at its peak, was 30 times more luminous than any previous black hole flare seen to date. At its brightest, the flare shined with the light of 10 trillion suns.

Comment: More on the ZTF collaboration:



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Blue Planet

Archaeologist believes new evidence of Atlantis to be found off coast of southern Spain

Stacy Liberatore
The Daily Mail
Mon, 03 Nov 2025 21:01 UTC
cadiz outpost of atlantis
© Shutterstock/Javier HermosoArchaeologist Michael Donnellan now believes the legendary city of Atlantis may have once stood along Spain's southern coast in the city of Cádiz, Spain (pictured)
A new wave of research has revived one of history's greatest mysteries: the story of Atlantis.
'
Filmmaker and archaeologist Michael Donnellan claims that evidence preserved by Egypt's ancient priests of Sais points to an advanced civilization that once thrived in Atlantis, before vanishing some 11,600 years ago.

Donnellan told the Daily Mail that the priests described Atlantis as the homeland of their ancestors, a civilization that existed outside the Mediterranean world and 'beyond the Pillars of Heracles.'

He said their account was passed down to the Greek lawmaker Solon, who visited Egypt around 600 BC and recorded the tale that would later inspire the philosopher Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias.

Comment: Dario AS adds:
The archaeologist states that, after eight years of work using sonar and LiDAR scanners, he has identified three submerged concentric walls carved into the seabed. According to Donnellan, the dimensions and layout match the city described by Plato in the dialogues Timaeus and Critias.

Donnellan also claims to have found a rectangular monument at the center, which he links to the Temple of Poseidon. The site includes sculpted canals, collapsed walls, and perfectly cut stone blocks, suggesting a large-scale artificial construction.

The images show his team exploring these underwater structures, where right angles, flat surfaces, and massive rectangular stones displaced from their original positions can be seen, as if a great catastrophe had thrown them.

The trailer for Donallan's series:




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Doberman

Caretakers baffled as abandoned dogs in Chernobyl turn blue

Patrick Reilly
The Daily Mail
Mon, 27 Oct 2025 19:11 UTC
dogs turn blue chernobyl
© Jam Press/@dogsofchernobylThe group, called Dogs of Chernobyl, shared a video showing several packs of dogs with at least one completely blue
The caretakers of the dogs that have made a home at the site of Chernobyl have spotted some canines with blue fur, a first at the disaster zone.

The group, called Dogs of Chernobyl, shared a video showing several packs of dogs with at least one completely blue.

'They were not blue last week. We do not know the reason, and we are attempting to catch them so we can find out what is happening,' the team shared in the video caption.

'Most likely, they're getting into some sort of chemical.'

The organization, an affiliate of the non-profit Clean Futures Fund, added that while the color was alarming to see, the dogs appear to be 'very active and healthy.'
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Comet 2

A meteor's glow appears to coil around Comet Lemmon (C/2025 A6) over Earth

Gianluca Masi
Virtual Telescope Project
Sun, 26 Oct 2025 00:09 UTC
On 24 Oct. 2025, while imaging comet C/2025 A6 Lemmon, we captured a meteor crossing the same field of view. Soon after, its red afterglow showed so nicely, adding its intriguing, fast evolving shape to the scene.
Comet C/2025 A6 Lemmon
© Virtual Telescope ProjectComet C/2025 A6 Lemmon and a meteor red afterglow 24 October 2025.
During the imaging session of comet C/2025 A6 Lemmon on the evening of October 24, I had the good fortune to witness a truly fascinating phenomenon — one that, by sheer chance, I was able to capture.

Between 17:39:30 and 17:41:30 UT, a meteor passed right through the region of the sky where Lemmon was visible.

At that moment, a sequence of wide-field images was being acquired using the astrograph that is part of the Virtual Telescope Project instrumentation, installed in Manciano (Grosseto), in the beautiful Maremma region. In the frame taken between 17:43:33 and 17:45:33 UT, the persistent trail left by the meteor is clearly visible, with a distinct reddish hue. The faint, fan-like structure is likely due to some light which reached the imaging device while capturing the picture.
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Galaxy

Rare, stunning 'red sprites' captured in New Zealand skies

Eva Corlett
The Guardian
Mon, 27 Oct 2025 20:20 UTC
new zealand red sprites
© Dan ZafraPhotographers Tom Rae, Dan Zafra and José Cantabrana captured the red sprites – or red lightning - when shooting the Milky Way in New Zealand, October 11, 2025
A trio of photographers in New Zealand have captured images of "red sprites", or red lightning, one of the rarest light phenomena in the world, in which luminous crimson flashes appear in the sky.

New Zealand photographer Tom Rae and Spanish photographers Dan Zafra and José Cantabrana set out to shoot the Milky Way over the Ōmārama Clay cliffs in the South Island on 11 October, when they chanced upon the extraordinary event.

The photographers thought they would be lucky to get clear skies that evening, but their night turned into "an unforgettable one", Rae told the Guardian.
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