Science & TechnologyS


Comet 2

New Comet C/2020 J1 (SONEAR)

CBET 4769 & MPEC 2020-J37, issued on 2020, May 04, announce the discovery of a comet (magnitude ~17) on images taken with a 0.28-m f/2.2 astrograph of the "Southern Observatory for Near Earth Research" (SONEAR) at Oliveira, Brazil, on May 1 . The new comet has been designated C/2020 J1 (SONEAR).

We performed follow-up measurements of this object while it was still on the PCCP webpage.

Stacking of 8 unfiltered exposures, 90 seconds each, obtained remotely on 2020, May 04.3 from X02 (Telescope Live, Chile) through a 0.6-m f/6.5 astrograph + CCD, shows that this object is a comet with a compact coma about 5" in diameter.

Our confirmation image (click here for a bigger version)
Comet C/2020 J1 SONEAR
© Remanzacco Blogspot

Rocket

US Space Force prepares Orbital for launch, plans to 'host more experiments' than ever before

Space Force
© BoeingEncapsulated X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle for United States Space Force-7 mission
The Department of the Air Force Rapid Capabilities Office, in partnership with the U.S. Space Force, is scheduled to launch the sixth mission of the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV-6) on May 16 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.

The Department of the Air Force continues to push the flight envelope for the X-37B, and will build upon its growing collaboration with experiment partners with its sixth mission.

"In today's age of electrons, space systems track storms, locate stranded motorists, timestamp credit card transactions, and monitor treaty compliance," said Secretary of the Air Force Barbara Barrett. "Demonstrating the department's innovation, this X-37B mission will host more experiments than any prior missions. This launch also demonstrates the department's collaboration that pushes the boundaries for reusable space systems."

Comment: What experiments, exactly? That's classified!

See also:


Blue Planet

"Blobs": Scientists think they know why magnetic poles wandering

magnetic
© ESAEarth's magnetic field is generated in its fluid outer core
European scientists think they can now describe with confidence what's driving the drift of the North Magnetic Pole.

It's shifted in recent years away from Canada towards Siberia.

And this rapid movement has required more frequent updates to navigation systems, including those that operate the mapping functions in smartphones.

A team, led from Leeds University, says the behaviour is explained by the competition of two magnetic "blobs" on the edge of the Earth's outer core.

Comment: The scientists claim they have found the driver of the wandering poles, but, because we've also seen an uptick in unusual activity on other planets could it be that there's a much greater driver? Such as our Sun? Could there also be other factors to consider, because it's not only within our solar system that there appears to be an uptick: Also check out SOTT radio's:


Comet 2

Is Comet SWAN fragmenting? Astronomers detect powerful outburst

Comet C/2020 F8 SWAN
© Gerald RhemannComet C/2020 F8 SWAN taken on May 1, 2020 @ Farm Tivoli, Namibia
This week, an unexpected outburst from Comet SWAN (C/2020 F8) amazed observers in the southern hemisphere, who could actually see the comet brighten with their unaided eyes.

What happened? It might have fragmented, exposing bright clouds of dusty gas to the sun. Certainly the comet's tail looks like debris from an explosion.

But Karl Battams of the Naval Research Lab in Washington, DC, doesn't think so. "Outbursts do not necessarily imply fragmentation, and ground-based images are not yet showing evidence of a breakup," he says. "This could just be a particularly feisty and volatile comet."

Comet SWAN was discovered on April 11th when Australian amateur astronomer Michael Mattiazzo noticed a curious "bloom" in images from SOHO's SWAN camera. SWAN surveys the solar system for hydrogen gas, and it caught the comet making a sudden hydrogen dump. That might have been Comet SWAN's first outburst.

A second outburst starting in late April turned SWAN into a naked eye object:

Comment: Rapidly brightening Comet SWAN (C/2020 F8) now visible with naked eye


Fish

Several areas of science converge to show how implausible natural processes are for explaining the origin of life

“Origin of Life” ride
© Biswarup Ganguly / CC BYThe “Origin of Life” ride, a display at Science Exploration Hall, Science City, Calcutta, India
Over the past few years, organic chemist James Tour has detailed how origin of life (OOL) researchers have made no progress for the greater part of a century in explaining how natural processes could generate the first self-replicating cell despite highly misleading claims to the contrary (here, here, here). At the same time, I have written on how such dismal progress was entirely predictable based upon challenges from the fields of thermodynamics and information theory (here, here, here, here). I consolidated and expand my analysis in an article that was recently published in the journal Inference. The piece is highly technical and mathematical, but the basic argument can be quickly summarized with only a marginal loss of technical accuracy.

Thermodynamic Challenges

To begin, the driving tendency of most physical systems is to move toward either higher entropy, lower energy, or both. The concept of entropy is often crudely associated with the level of a system's disorder (think messy room versus neat room), but a more precise description relates it to Shannon's Measure of Information. In the context of OOL, large molecules with higher-energy chemical bonds will tend to break down into smaller molecules with lower-energy bonds. And, highly complex, specified structures will tend to break apart into a disorganized mixture of simple molecules, tars, and other biologically inert products.

Info

Closest black hole to Earth discovered by astronomers

Telescopium
© ESO, IAU AND SKY & TELESCOPELocation of HR 6819 in the constellation of Telescopium (red circle). The chart shows most of the stars visible to the unaided eye under good conditions.
Astronomers have discovered a black hole just 1000 light-years from Earth - closer to our Solar System than any found to date.

It forms part of a triple system located in the constellation of Telescopium and can be viewed without binoculars or a telescope on a dark and clear night in the southern hemisphere.

The international team originally observed the system, called HR 6819, as part of a study of double-star systems. However, as they analysed their observations, they were amazed when they revealed a third body - the black hole.

The observations with the FEROS spectrograph on the MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope at ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile showed that one of the two visible stars orbits an unseen object every 40 days, while the second star is at a large distance from this inner pair.

"We were totally surprised when we realised that this is the first stellar system with a black hole that can be seen with the unaided eye," says Petr Hadrava from Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, a co-author of a paper in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.

Airplane

Scientists create 'air plasma' jet engine powered by only electricity

jet engine
© RgStudio/Getty Images
A prototype design of a plasma jet thruster can generate thrusting pressures on the same magnitude a commercial jet engine can, using only air and electricity

Humans depend on fossil fuels as their primary energy source, especially in transportation. However, fossil fuels are both unsustainable and unsafe, serving as the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions and leading to adverse respiratory effects and devastation due to global warming.

A team of researchers at the Institute of Technological Sciences at Wuhan University has demonstrated a prototype device that uses microwave air plasmas for jet propulsion. They describe the engine in the journal AIP Advances, from AIP Publishing.

Microscope 1

German scientists find antibodies that block coronvirus from entering cells

Coronavirus antibodies
© Pixaba/enriquelopezgarre
Scientists have detected an antibody that blocks the coronavirus from entering cells, providing a much-needed shield for severely ill patients. While not a cure or vaccine, it is still a significant development.

"This is clearly a breakthrough that shows that we are on the right track for the development of a drug against Covid-19," said virologist Professor Luka Cicin-Sain.

"In repeated experiments, we were able to show that this result is sustainable."

Cicin-Sain and his team analyzed 6,000 different human antibodies and found more than 750 that dock with the coronavirus and prevent it from spreading further in already infected patients. The antibodies are currently undergoing additional testing on cell cultures to whittle their number down to find the most effective at blocking the infection.

Fish

Magnetic pulses alter salmon's orientation, suggesting they navigate via magnetite in their tissue

salmon
Salmon
Researchers in Oregon State University's College of Agricultural Sciences have taken a step closer to solving one of nature's most remarkable mysteries: How do salmon, when it's time to spawn, find their way back from distant ocean locations to the stream where they hatched?

A new study into the life cycle of salmon, involving magnetic pulses, reinforces one hypothesis: The fish use microscopic crystals of magnetite in their tissue as both a map and compass and navigate via the Earth's magnetic field.

Findings were published in the Journal of Experimental Biology.

Researchers including David Noakes, professor of fisheries and wildlife at OSU and the director of the Oregon Hatchery Research Center, subjected juvenile chinook salmon to a type of brief but strong magnetic pulse known to reverse the polarity of magnetic particles and affect magnetic orientation behavior in other animals.

Comment: See also: And check out SOTT radio's: The Truth Perspective: Are Cells the Intelligent Designers? Why Creationists and Darwinists Are Both Wrong


Solar Flares

Astronomer spots plasma leaking from sun's surface

solar prominence An erupting solar prominence observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory satellite on March 30, 2010.
© NASA/GSFC/SDO/AIA
A massive prominence is jutting out over the sun's southeastern limb today--and it's leaking plasma. Sylvain Chapeland filmed the gigantic structure from his backyard observatory in Gex, France: