"In Syria, do you carry any sense of responsibility? No, you don't," Russia's deputy ambassador to the UN, Vladimir Safronkov, said at an emergency meeting of the Security Council on Wednesday.
"Everything is guided by the need to change the regime. Even this obsession with the regime change is what hinders the work of the Security Council.
"[The UK] is not doing anything about the situation [in Syria]," he added.
"No - it's true, you are doing one thing. You are submitting drafts in the Security Council that only provoke."
"What is your plan? What is your plan to stop these horrific senseless attacks? We had a plan and we had the support and you rejected it to protect Assad," Rycroft said.
In February, Syrian ally Russia, backed by China, cast its seventh veto to protect Assad's government from council action, blocking a bid by Western powers to impose sanctions over accusations of chemical weapons attacks.
Rycroft said those vetoes sent Assad a message of encouragement and that Tuesday's alleged chemical attack in the town of Khan Sheikhoun in a rebel-held area of northern Syria was the consequence.
Safronkov called those comments "irresponsible" and "lacking in respect."
"Beyond the norms of diplomatic standards your statements about Russia and China are unacceptable ... We will not stand for it. You should answer for what Great Britain is doing in contributing to resolving this situation."
China also responded to Rycroft's comments.
"The UK delegate... is openly distorting the position of China, this is not to be tolerated," Chinese UN Ambassador Liu Jieyi said, adding that Rycroft was "abusing the Security Council, [and] doing so will not be in the interests of the Syrian people."
Damascus has denied responsibility for the alleged chemical attack, and Russia said the gas contamination was the result of a leak from a rebel chemical weapons depot hit by government airstrikes.
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