© Russell Cheyne / ReutersNicola Sturgeon, First Minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party
The Scottish first minister says the SNP's success in the general election gives her a mandate to hold a new referendum on independence.
However, UK ministers are opposed to such a move with Michael Gove saying the vote in 2014 should be "respected".
Ms Sturgeon told the BBC that if the UK was to continue as a union, "it can only be by consent".
She told The Andrew Marr Show that the UK government would be "completely wrong" to think saying no to a referendum would be the end of the matter, adding: "It's a fundamental point of democracy - you can't hold Scotland in the union against its will."
However Mr Gove told the Sophy Ridge programme on Sky that "we were told in 2014 that that would be a choice for a generation - we are not going to have an independence referendum in Scotland".
The SNP won a landslide of Scottish seats in the snap general election, making gains from the Conservatives and Labour and unseating Lib Dem leader Jo Swinson.
However UK-wide the Conservatives won a comfortable majority, returning Boris Johnson to Downing Street and setting up a constitutional stand-off over Scotland's future.
The Scottish government wants a referendum deal with UK ministers similar to that which underpinned the 2014 vote, to ensure that the outcome is legal and legitimate - but are facing opposition from the UK government.
Ms Sturgeon said it was "fundamentally not democratic" for Mr Johnson to rule out a referendum when his party had been "defeated comprehensively" in Scotland - losing seven of its 13 seats while standing on a platform of opposition to independence.
© BBCMs Sturgeon was speaking on the BBC's Andrew Marr Show
"It's a fundamental point of democracy - you can't hold Scotland in the union against its will. You can't lock us in a cupboard and turn the key and hope everything goes away.
"If the UK is to continue it can only be by consent. If Boris Johnson is confident in the case for the union he should be confident enough to make that case and allow people to decide.
"Scotland cannot be imprisoned within the United Kingdom against its will. These are just basic statements of democracy."
'Contempt for democracy'
Ms Sturgeon added: "The risk for the Conservatives here is the more they try to block the will of the Scottish people, the more utter contempt they show for Scottish democracy, the more they will increase support for Scottish independence - which in a sense is them doing my job for me.
"The momentum and the mandate is on the side of those of us who think Scotland should be independent, but also on the side of those who want Scotland to be able to chose its own future."
Mr Johnson spoke to Ms Sturgeon on the phone after being returned to government, and told her that he "remains opposed" to a second independence vote.
A Downing Street spokesman said the prime minster was "standing with the majority of people in Scotland who do not want to return to division and uncertainty".
This was echoed on Sunday morning by Mr Gove, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, who said the result of the previous referendum in 2014 should hold for "a generation".
He said: "In this general election we have just seen what happens when politicians try to overturn a referendum result, and in the same way we should respect the referendum result in 2014 in Scotland.
"Scotland is stronger in the United Kingdom. You can be proudly Scottish and proudly British together.
"The best of this country are British institutions like the NHS and the BBC, and therefore we should be proud of what we have achieved together and confident that the UK is a strong partnership that works in the interests of all."
© BBCResults: Scottish National Party, Conservative, Liberal Democrats, Labour
The party's health spokeswoman Monica Lennon said she insists she would still oppose separation from the UK but accepts the SNP now have a mandate for a referendum in 2020.
Her views were supported by former Labour MP Ged Killen, who lost his seat on Thursday.
"I campaigned on a promise to vote against indyref2, but I lost," he wrote on Twitter. "The SNP made massive gains on a promise to hold another referendum and, as democrats, we must accept it even if we don't like it."
Another former MP Paul Sweeney said it was important for Labour to "reflect" on the constitutional position.
He told the BBC's Sunday Politics Scotland programme: "A more federal relationship is something that urgently needs to happen, and I think we need to be galvanised to present an argument that that needs to happen."
Comment: RT adds Actually, there were some serious questions around the the vote, with many reports of irregularities. Ms. Sturgeon may well be right in her call for another referendum.