Earthquakes
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Question

Do cosmic rays cause earthquakes?

Cosmic Rays & Earthquakes
© PITRIS/GETTYA stock photo shows a concept of cosmic radiation. Scientists have found a link between cosmic radiation and earthquakes.
I came across an article with a provocative headline, "Scientists Link Cosmic Radiation to Earthquakes for the First Time".

So I went to look at the underlying study, Observation of large scale precursor correlations between cosmic rays and earthquakes with a periodicity similar to the solar cycle by P. Homola and 43 others.

Hmmm, sez I. Willis's Rule of Authors says that the strength of a scientific study is inversely proportional to the number of authors ... but I digress. The Abstract says:
The search for correlations between secondary cosmic ray detection rates and seismic effects has long been a subject of investigation motivated by the hope of identifying a new precursor type that could feed a global early warning system against earthquakes.

Here we show for the first time that the average variation of the cosmic ray detection rates correlates with the global seismic activity to be observed with a time lag of approximately two weeks, and that the significance of the effect varies with a periodicity resembling the undecenal solar cycle, with a shift in phase of around three years, exceeding 6 σ at local maxima.

The precursor characteristics of the observed correlations point to a pioneer perspective of an early warning system against earthquakes.
The study says:
Here we report on an observation of the correlations between variation of the average rates of secondary cosmic ray fluxes measured locally and global seismic activity, and we also point to the periodicity of these correlations (or their observability) which corresponds to sunspot number observations back to the 1960s.
They describe their method as:
... an alternative, novel approach on which we report here: comparing the absolute average variabilities of secondary cosmic radiation to the average global sum of earthquake magnitudes.
And their conclusion was:
We have demonstrated for the first time that the variation of the absolute average detection rates of secondary cosmic radiation correlates with the global seismic situation (sum of the magnitudes of earthquakes with magnitudes greater-than or equal to 4, occurring at all locations) that takes place approximately two weeks later than the relevant cosmic ray data. The size of the shift in time between the cosmic and seismic data sets reveals the precursor character of the correlation effect.

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Shallow 6.0 magnitude earthquake off South Africa

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6.0 magnitude earthquake

UTC time: Sunday, June 18, 2023 21:59 PM
Your time: Sunday, June 18, 2023 at 10:59 PM GMT+1
Magnitude Type: mww
USGS page: M 6.0 - south of Africa
USGS status: Reviewed by a seismologist
Reports from the public: 0 people
10 km depth
South Of Africa

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Shallow 6.4 magnitude earthquake hits Gulf of California

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An earthquake of magnitude 6.4 struck the Gulf of California on Sunday, the European Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) said.

Mexico's civil defense office confirmed that there were no immediate reports of damage in the areas where the earthquake was felt, but recommended boats and the nearby coastal population take precautions due to possible currents in ports.

The quake struck at a depth of 10 km (6.21 miles), EMSC said.

Shortly after the quake occurred, the US Tsunami Warning system said there was no tsunami danger for the US West Coast, British Columbia, or Alaska.

Small variations in sea water levels, of a few centimeters, may be detected in the region where the quake occurred, the Mexican civil defense office later said via Twitter.

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Best of the Web: France hit by one of its strongest ever earthquakes

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© Thinkstock
A rare and powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 5.8 hit several parts of western France on Friday evening. The earthquake was described as "very strong" by the seismology bureau BCSF, and it resulted in damage to buildings.

According to the ecology transition minister, Christophe Bechu, it was one of the strongest quakes ever recorded on the mainland.

The last earthquakes of similar strength in France occurred in the early 2000s, making this event significant. The earthquake was recorded at 5.3 by the national network for seismic surveillance, RENASS, while the French Central Seismological Bureau (BCSF) reported it at 5.8.

Comment: To be clear, the strongest EVER recorded quake in (modern) France was a 6.2M, in 1909.




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6.2 magnitude earthquake south of Tonga - 3rd major quake in area in 25 hours

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6.2 magnitude earthquake 259 km from 'Ohonua, ʻEua, Tonga

UTC time: Friday, June 16, 2023 19:10 PM
Your time: Friday, June 16, 2023 at 8:10 PM GMT+1
Magnitude Type: mww
USGS page: M 6.2 - 251 km SSW of 'Ohonua, Tonga
USGS status: Reviewed by a seismologist
Reports from the public: 0 people

Comment: The two others:


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Magnitude 6 earthquake strikes Tonga region - 2nd major quake in area in 14 hours

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An earthquake of magnitude 6 struck the Tonga region on Friday, the European Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) said.

The quake was at a depth of 100 km (62 miles), EMSC said.

Comment: 14 hours earlier: 7.2-magnitude earthquake hits Pacific south of Tonga


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7.2-magnitude earthquake hits Pacific south of Tonga

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A powerful 7.2-magnitude earthquake has struck the Pacific Ocean south of Tonga, seismologists say. No tsunami warnings have been issued.

The earthquake, which struck at 7:06 a.m. local time on Friday, was centered in the ocean about 281 kilometers (175 miles) southwest of Tonga, or about 735 kilometers (455 miles) southeast of Fiji.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) said the earthquake had a preliminary magnitude of 7.2. It struck about 167 kilometers (103 miles) below the seabed, making it a fairly deep quake.

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Deep, 6.2 magnitude earthquake shakes part of Philippines southwest of the capital

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A deep earthquake shook part of the Philippines southwest of the capital on Thursday, but there were no immediate reports of major damage or casualties.

The 6.2 magnitude morning earthquake was near Hukay and about 120 kilometers (75 miles) below the surface, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

Deep quakes are often widely felt but with less potential to cause major damage. Hukay is about 140 kilometers (87 miles) from Manila.

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Magnitude 6.2 earthquake hits Japan's Hokkaido prefecture

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A strong earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 6.2 and depth of 140 km (87 miles) hit northern Japan's Hokkaido prefecture on Sunday evening, the Japan Meteorological Agency said.

The epicenter of the earthquake was off the coast of the town of Urakawa, the agency said, adding that a tsunami warning had not been issued.


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Haiti: Deadly earthquake kills three after floods

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At least three people have been killed in an earthquake in the Haitian city of Jérémie, just days after floods left at least 42 dead.

The 4.9-magnitude quake struck in the early hours of the morning, the US Geological Survey said.

It came in the wake of torrential rains that have displaced more than 13,000.

Prime Minister Ariel Henry said his government and international partners were taking "urgent measures" to deal with the flooding.

The World Food Programme, an agency of the United Nations, said that it would start providing hot meals to the displaced.