Science & TechnologyS


Telescope

"Shocking" Superstorm Seen on Exoplanet

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© L. Calçada/ESOThe exoplanet HD209458b orbits around its host star in an artist's impression.
Global tempest has speeds of up to 6,200 miles an hour.

A never-before-seen global superstorm has been spotted on a planet outside our solar system, a new study says.

Record-breaking supersonic winds are blasting through the atmosphere of the hot gas giant HD209458b, which orbits a distant star.

By studying the "fingerprints" of carbon monoxide gases racing between the planet's day and night sides, astronomers are getting a rare glimpse into the storm.

"We were shocked to find that the resulting pressure and temperatures differences between the hotter light side and cooler dark side triggers such fierce winds," said study leader Ignas Snellen, an astronomer at Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands.

Control Panel

Texas Leads the Pack in Wind Power Generation

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© AP Photo
The race to develop alternative energy sources to offset traditional ones has been intensifying as states look to take advantage of federal incentives. Wind energy in particular is quickly becoming a hot new market, and none other than Texas is ahead of the game in this particular sector.

Texas tops Iowa, Washington and California in wind energy generation, harboring a capacity of nearly 10,000 megawatts in 2009. According to data, roughly five percent of Texas energy is now produced by wind, an impressive statistic considering that it has been achieved in less than a decade.

When Texas first deregulated electricity in 1999, it established a requirement that 2,000 megawatts of power be derived from wind by 2009. It was the first state to make such a move. Texas achieved - and exceeded - this goal by 2005, and is set to reach production of 10,000 megawatts of renewable energy by 2025.

Magnify

"Copy and Paste DNA" More Common than Previously Thought

Researchers at the University of Leicester have demonstrated that movable sequences of DNA, which give rise to genetic variability and sometimes cause specific diseases, are far more common than previously thought.

In a paper published in the leading journal Cell, Dr Richard Badge and his collaborators examined L1 (or LINE-1) retrotransposons: DNA sequences which can 'copy and paste' their genetic code around the genome. By breaking up genes, L1s can be responsible for some rare instances of genetic disease.

Working in collaboration with colleagues from the Universities of Michigan and Washington and the HHMI, the researchers developed an innovative technique to find L1s, using short sequences of DNA called fosmids. These are free-floating loops of DNA, which can be easily transported into bacterial cells, and can carry pieces of human DNA.

Saturn

Venus Home to Lost Cities Left by Long-Dead Aliens, Says ESA

VenusWeather
© The RegisterOK, so where's the ruined city built by the aeons-dead Venusians?
Well, it was strongly implied

Venus could once have been a living world with watery surface oceans, according to the European Space Agency. The ESA says that data from its Venus Express probe in orbit above the second planet indicates that it "may even have begun its existence as a habitable planet similar to Earth".

Sheeple

Twitter Ye Not

Twitter
© Alamy
How many times do you click on your email icon in a day? Or look at Facebook, or Twitter? And how many times when reading on the internet do you click on a link navigating away from the text that was the original object of your enquiry? The web, it seems, is like an electronic sweet shop, forever tempting us in different directions. But does this mental promiscuity, this tendency to flit around online, make us, well, thicker?

The power of modern electronic media - the net, mobile telephones and video games - to capture the attention of the human mind, particularly the young mind, and then distract it has lately become a subject of concern. We are, say the worriers, losing the ability to apply ourselves properly to a single task, like reading a book in its entirety or mastering a piece of music on an instrument, with the result that our thinking is becoming shallower. Sir Tom Stoppard aired a version of this view last week when he warned that the printed page was in danger of being "swept away" on a tide of technology, with the moving image assuming ever-greater precedence in the lives of young people.
"I am aware, as everybody has to be, that there's more competition for one's attention nowadays," he said. "The printed word is no longer as in demand as when I was of the age of pupils, or even at the age of the teachers teaching them."
It was not a question of new media bad, old media good, he added, but the trend was there. And he is in good company. Barack Obama remarked of his over-fondness for tinkering with his BlackBerry: "Information becomes a distraction, a diversion, a form of entertainment, rather than a tool of empowerment."

Bad Guys

The New Agent Orange? Scientists Sound Alarm on Toxic Sand in Afghanistan

Politics Daily reported Friday that scientists have found signs of another potential threat to our soldiers in Afghanistan: high levels of environmental toxins that can cause brain damage.

As investigative reporter Sheila Kaplan found:
American forces in Afghanistan, who already face roadside bombs and insurgent attacks, may be dealing with an environmental enemy as well -- toxic sand that can damage their brains, according to a recent Navy study.
...

The Navy said the findings are preliminary and that so far no definitive link has been found between the inhalation of sand and brain damage. Still, the study followed reports that returning soldiers from Afghanistan and Iraq are experiencing impairments such as memory loss and difficulty concentrating, which may not always be attributable to traumatic brain injuries.
Kaplan, a Fellow at the Nation Institute who specializes in environmental journalism, also reported on the dangerous toxic metals that Navy researchers found. "The research team analyzed sand samples from Afghanistan, and found manganese, silicon, iron, magnesium, aluminum, chromium and trace elements. Manganese, on its own, is considered a potent neurotoxicant capable of damaging the brain and causing Parkinsons-like symptoms. They are also studying sand from Iraq," Kaplan noted. "Troops caught in sandstorms may inhale toxic particles, which can be carried to the brain, lungs and other organs."

Info

Fossil Discovery Confirms Advanced Human-Like Walking is Ancient

Kadanuumuu
© Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Liz Russell, Cleveland Museum of Natural HistoryKadanuumuu
Meet "Lucy's" Great-Grandfather. Cleveland Museum of Natural History Curator and Head of Physical Anthropology Dr. Yohannes Haile-Selassie led an international team that discovered and analyzed a 3.6 million-year-old partial skeleton found in Ethiopia. The early hominid is 400,000 years older than the famous "Lucy" skeleton and is significantly larger in size. Research on the new specimen reveals that advanced human-like, upright walking occurred much earlier in the evolutionary timeline than previously thought. Haile-Selassie is the first author of the initial analysis of the specimen, which will be published in the online early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences during the week of June 21, 2010.

The partial skeleton belongs to "Lucy's" species, Australopithecus afarensis. It was found in the Woranso-Mille area of Ethiopia's Afar region by a team led by Haile-Selassie that excavated the skeleton over five years following the discovery in 2005 of the lower arm bone. The team recovered the most complete clavicle and one of the most complete shoulder blades ever found in the human fossil record. A significant portion of the rib cage was also found.

The specimen was nicknamed "Kadanuumuu" (kah-dah-nuu-muu) by the authors. This means "big man" in the Afar language and reflects its large size. The male hominid stood between 5 to 5 ½ feet tall, while "Lucy" stood only 3 ½ feet tall.

Sherlock

Ancient Voyager's Tomb Found in East China

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© Yangtse Evening NewsA worker clean soil at the entrance to the tomb.
A recently excavated tomb in Nanjing has been confirmed to be the grave of Zheng He, a eunuch from the early Ming Dynasty who led historic voyages to Southeast Asia and eastern Africa. The tomb was discovered accidentally on June 18th by workers at a construction site near Zutang Mountain that also holds the tombs of many other Ming Dynasty eunuchs, the Yangtse Evening News reported.

The tomb was 8.5 meters long and 4 meters wide and was built with blue bricks, which archaeologists said were only used in structures belonging to dignitaries during the time of Zheng He.

But experts believed his remains were not placed in the tomb because of the long distance between Nanjing and India, where he died during a visit in 1433.

Info

Ancient Mars More Favorable to Life than First Thought

Lyot Crater
© NASA/ESA/JPL-Caltech/JHU-APL/IASLyot Crater, pictured here, is one of at least nine craters in the northern lowlands of Mars where hydrated minerals was detected from orbit.

A couple of Mars orbiters have found evidence suggesting that water prevailed throughout the Red Planet's early history. That's significant because scientists until now believed that wet conditions only prevailed in the southern reaches of Mars.

The discovery of lay minerals point to the existence of a wet environment "at thousands of sites" in the southern region of Mars, an area where rocks date back approximately four billion years old, according to a report from NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab. The discovery was first reported this week in the journal Science.

"We can now say that the planet was altered on a global scale by liquid water about four billion years ago," said John Carter of the University of Paris, the report's lead author.

Info

Hubble Finds Smallest Kuiper Belt Object Ever Seen

KBO
© NASA, ESA, and G. BaconNASA's Hubble Space Telescope recorded this brief event and allowed astronomers to determine that the KBO was only one-half of a mile across, setting a new record for the smallest object ever seen in the Kuiper Belt.
The tiny object - sized at roughly 3,200 feet - is much smaller than the previous object titled as the "smallest object ever seen", having dimensions some 50 times smaller. Its importance is that it's the first observational evidence for similar sized objects in Kuiper Belt; scientists estimate that these are being ground down through collisions. Therefore, they conclude that Kuiper Belt has been evolving and modifying for over more than 4.5 billion years.

Hilke Schlichting of the California Institute of Technology and her collaborators have reported the detection of this object in the December 17th issue of the journal Nature. According to their paper, their achievement was accomplished using indirect imaging. This feat is amazing since NASA's Hubble Space Telescope usually sees objects only 100 times brighter, and even then it is done via direct observation; the newly detected object is so faint that it's ranked at 35th magnitude.

The Kuiper Belt is a region of the Solar System beyond the planets extending from the orbit of Neptune. It is similar to the known asteroid belt, although it is far larger - 20 times as wide and 20 - 200 times as massive. Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of small bodies, or remnants from the solar system's formation. While the asteroid belt is composed primarily of rock and metal, the Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed "ices"), such as methane, ammonia, and water.