
© Reuters/Daniel AguilarA group of Mexican tourists are silhouetted against the morning sky as they watch the sunrise of the spring equinox at the pyramids of Teotihuacan, outside Mexico City, March 21, 2003. Tens of thousands of people including mystics, spiritualists and onlookers crowd into the ancient Aztec city on this day every year, hoping to capture a little spiritual energy by standing amid the ruins and witnessing the dawn of the first day of Spring.
Scientific beliefs are destined to supersede and replace primitive religious views, once argued 19th-century French philosopher Auguste Comte. His scientific positivism birthed today's
scientism: the notion that science has exclusive access to the truth. "Science" is usually equated by proponents of this view with empiricism or, in many fields, with a method of inquiry that employs controls, blinding, and randomization.
Now, a small group of contemporary psychologists have published a series of provocative experiments showing that faith in science can serve the same mentally-stabilizing function as religious beliefs.In 2013, a study published in
The Journal of Experimental Social Psychology found that when subjects were stressed,
they were more likely to agree to statements typifying scientism such as, "the scientific method is the only reliable path to knowledge." When people felt anxious, they esteemed science more highly than calmer subjects did, just as previous experiments have shown to be the case with religious ideals.
Another study led by University of Amsterdam's Bastiaan Rutjens in 2010 found that
uncertain subjects expressed an increased faith in God or in evolution, provided that evolution was presented as a structured and predictable process. In these cases,
beliefs about science may be defended emotionally, even if they are false, as long as they provide a reassuring sense of order. That is to say, beliefs about science may be defended thoughtlessly—even unscientifically.
So what does it mean that both religious and scientific outlooks may function to becalm our existential anxieties? What we believe, the parallel implies, can sometimes be less important than how we believe it. In other words, deep faith in science is sometimes just another form of (irrational) extremism.
Comment: We were made for these times