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Drone mapping unlocks secrets of 'mega fortress' in the Caucasus


Cranfield University
Wed, 08 Jan 2025 15:58 UTC
Dmanisis Gora
© Cranfield UniversityThe Dmanisis Gora site at dusk, showing the location at the convergence of two gorges.
A Cranfield University academic has used drone mapping to investigate a 3000-year-old 'mega fortress' in the Caucasus mountains. Dr Nathaniel Erb-Satullo, Senior Lecturer in Archaeological Science at Cranfield Forensic Institute, has been researching the site since 2018 with Dimitri Jachvliani, his co-director from the Georgian National Museum, revealing details that re-shape our understanding of the site and contribute to a global reassessment of ancient settlement growth and urbanism.

Fortress settlements in the South Caucasus appeared between 1500-500 BCE, and represent an unprecedented development in the prehistory of the regions. Situated at the boundary between Europe, the Eurasian Steppe, and the Middle East, the Caucasus region has a long history as a cultural crossroads with distinctive local identities.

Research on the fortress - named Dmanisis Gora - began with test excavations on a fortified promontory between two deep gorges. A subsequent visit in Autumn, when the knee-high high summer grasses had died back, revealed that the site was much larger than originally thought. Scattered across a huge area outside the inner fortress were the remains of additional fortification walls and other stone structures. Because of its size, it was impossible to get a sense of the site as a whole from the ground.
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Attention

8,000-year-old Neolithic site discovered in Iraq


Shafaq News
Fri, 10 Jan 2025 07:09 UTC
Ancient Site
© Shafaq News
Two archaeological sites, one dating back 8,000 years to the Neolithic era, have been discovered in Kurdistan Region's Duhok, the province's Director of Antiques and Heritage, Bekas Brifkani, announced on Thursday.

Brifkani told Shafaq News Agency that the sites were discovered in Asinkran and Kanisban areas, located in the Nafkor plain near the Rovia district in eastern Duhok.

The discovery in Asinkran includes some of the earliest forms of pottery production, along with grain processing, dating back more than 8,000 years. Meanwhile, at the Kanisban site, a Neolithic settlement from the 7th millennium BCE, traces of early agricultural specialization and craft production were found.

At the nearby Asinkran site, two exceptional buildings dating back about 7,000 years were uncovered. "These buildings, the Rectangular Mudbrick Building and the White Building, were constructed on a high mound and likely served as residences for the social elite of that era," he explained.
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Question

Megalithic mystery of ancient Greek 'Dragon Houses'

Leman Altuntaş
Arkeonews Net
Wed, 08 Jan 2025 15:17 UTC
Ochi Dragon-house: Southern front
© wikiwand.com/en/articles/Dragon_housesOchi Dragon-house: Southern front.
The Dragon Houses of Euboea, which probably dates to the Preclassical period of ancient Greece, are one of the historical mysteries that have not yet been entirely solved.

In the mountains of the island of Euboea, the largest island in Greece after Crete, there are 23 ancient megalithic structures called 'Dragon Houses', mostly in the Ochi Mountain and Styra regions.

Although they had nothing to do with dragons, these structures, called "drakospita" or dragon houses, are still appreciated today for their architecture, simplicity, and endurance.

These megalithic houses are mortar-free constructions that resemble the stepped pyramid of Djoser in Pre-Dynastic Egypt and the pre-Columbian Teotihuacan temple complexes. They are constructed of stones, mostly square or rectangular.

The majority of the time, huge monolithic stones are employed. Another noteworthy feature is that they lack foundations. Their roofs are skillfully built with enormous plates stacked one on top of the other in a pyramidal pattern.
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Attention

MKUltra Documents Declassified

Martin Armstrong
Armstrong Economics
Wed, 08 Jan 2025 16:26 UTC
MKUltra
© YouTube
Psychological warfare is far more powerful than bullets. The government has been studying methods of brainwashing for decades. Perhaps the most infamous studies fall under the MKUltra program that the CIA conducted from 1953 to
Sidney Gottlieb
© Armstrong EconomicsSidney Gottlieb.
1964 on unsuspecting victims who did not know they were participating in a brutal study. The MKUltra experiments have been shrouded in mystery after CIA director Richard Helms and longtime MKULTRA chief Sidney Gottlieb destroyed the majority of the evidence. However, newly declassified documents shed light on the extreme human rights abuses carried out by the US government.

MKULTRA began in 1953 amid the Cold War era. The US government allegedly wanted to learn mind control tactics that they believed the Soviet Union and Chinese governments had already mastered. Furthermore, the CIA was interested in the experiments carried out by Nazis on those held in concentration camps during World War II. Operation Paperclip was the prelude to MKUltra, beginning in 1945, when the CIA began investigating torture and brainwashing methods used by the Third Reich. In fact, 1,600 Nazi scientists were recruited by the US government and encouraged to continue their work on American citizens. Those scientists also looked into ways to carry out biowarfare by weaponizing the bubonic plague. There were other studies such as project Artichoke and Bluebird that took place before the CIA developed the infamous MKUltra experiment.

Richard Helms, the Assistant Deputy Director for Plans at the CIA, proposed the MKUltra project as a "special funding mechanism for highly sensitive CIA research and development projects that studied the use of biological and chemical materials in altering human behavior." How could the government manipulate the human brain? The government wanted to find a "truth serum" to use on POW and their own citizens. CIA chemist Sidney Gottlieb partnered with pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly to produce the psychedelic drug LSD to carry out these brutal experiments.
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Info

Mastaba tomb of royal physician Teti Neb Fu discovered in the Saqqara region

Mark Milligan
Heritage Daily
Tue, 07 Jan 2025 16:33 UTC
Teti Neb Fu Tomb
© Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities
A joint French-Swiss archaeological mission has uncovered the mastaba tomb of "Teti Neb Fu," a royal physician from the reign of King Pepi II during the Sixth Dynasty.

Teti Neb Fu was a figure of great distinction, holding titles such as Chief Palace Physician, Priest and "Magician" of the Goddess Serket, Chief Dentist, and Director of Medicinal Plants.

He would have been partly responsible for the universally accessible healthcare system that included non-invasive surgeries, bone setting, dentistry, and an extensive range of pharmacological treatments.

The interior of the tomb is adorned with intricate carvings of funerary scenes, a painted false door, and a stone sarcophagus inscribed with the name of Teti Neb Fu and his titles.
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Star of David

George Marshall opposed the creation of Israel, but Truman caved in to Zionist $$$

Mike Whitney
The Unz Review
Sun, 29 Dec 2024 00:00 UTC
G. Marshall
© UnknownGeorge C. Marshall was probably more responsible for the American victory in World War II than any other man. Everyone who knew him or worked with him saw him as an enormous figure and called him “the noblest Roman of them all”
Michael Collins, editor Middle East Institute
American patriot General George C. Marshall strongly opposed the partitioning of Palestine because he knew that the creation of a Zionist state at the heart of the Arab world would severely undermine US regional interests while fueling endless conflicts across the Middle East.

In short, Marshall and his allies at the State Department grasped that Zionist leaders would never opt to get along with their Arab neighbors or pursue a path of peaceful coexistence but would relentlessly seek to dominate the region by duping Washington into destroying its perceived enemies.

Marshall's opposition suggests that — even before Israel achieved statehood — powerful members of the US foreign policy establishment anticipated that the prevailing ideology of the Israeli state would lead to widespread destabilization, conflagration and genocide.
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Info

Scientists identified a unique engraving that could be the oldest three-dimensional (3D) map in the world

Leman Altuntaş
Arkeonews Net
Sat, 04 Jan 2025 00:13 UTC
Ségognole 3 cave
© SYGREF, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Scientists working in the Ségognole 3 cave, located in the famous sandstone massif south of Paris have identified a unique engraving that could be the oldest three-dimensional (3D) map in the world.

A recent study published in the Oxford Journal of Archaeology, reveals how hunter-gatherers over 20,000 years ago shaped and adapted the cave environment to represent water flow and potentially the surrounding landscape. Archaeologists found engravings of horses and the female human form in the cave along with the map, indicating that the site may have symbolic meaning.

The research team led by Médard Thiry and Anthony Milnes hypothesize that the set of engravings in the cave is an artificial representation of the surrounding landscape, a kind of "scale model" of the region with hydrological and geomorphological variations.

The scale model of Noisy-sur-École's landscape is situated on the floor behind the Ségognole 3 cave. The level of detail and accuracy is astounding. The cave's former occupants, hunter-gatherers, created an amazing miniature depiction of the area's hydrological and geomorphological features.

Researchers explained that the floor's surface was masterfully engraved to manipulate water flow through accurate channels, depressions, and basins. The specific indents of indents and inclinations in the stone represent the various hills in the area and how they correlate to the surrounding rivers, lakes, and deltas.

"The carved motifs and their relationship with natural features in the sandstone of the shelter can be
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Info

More than 1,300 prehistoric burial mounds in western Azerbaijan systematically surveyed for the first time


Kiel University
Wed, 18 Dec 2024 23:24 UTC
Kurgans in West Azerbaijan
© Andrea RicciKurgans are a common feature of the landscape in many places in West Azerbaijan.
Spanning more than 1000 kilometres in length and up to 5600 metres in height, the mountain ranges of the Caucasus stretch between the Black and Caspian Seas. What appears to be a huge natural barrier was however an important contact and exchange zone between the highlands of West Asia and the Southeast European steppes for thousands of years. Despite this importance, archaeological data from the Caucasus and neighbouring regions remains fragmentary.

Researchers from the ROOTS Cluster of Excellence at Kiel University together with colleagues from the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan systematically surveyed and documented more than 1,300 archaeological sites in Azerbaijan in two field campaigns in 2021 and 2023. They have now published the results of their latest research campaign in the international journal Antiquity. The article is a follow-up of an overview of the results of the 2021 field campaign, which was published in the journal Archaeological Prospection earlier this year.
Site Survey
© Wolfgang RabbelThe researchers document and investigate a kurgan with a ground penetrating radar (right), an electromagnetic probe (left) and a camera attached to a kite.
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Chalkboard

What Is a University?

Dr. T. P. Wilkinson
Global Reasearch
Tue, 31 Dec 2024 00:00 UTC
University

Under the regime Americans call "free enterprise" or the "free market", exceptions are made to the supposed equal treatment of all economic actors.

While private business corporations and lesser entrepreneurs are at least nominally subject to taxes and other charges on their earnings or profits there is a class of institutions that have been exempted by statute from most such levies and impositions. These include charitable organizations and those devoted to education. Whereas in most of those countries constituting today's European Union education was a state or church activity (amounting the same thing), the issue of tax exemption did not arise.

However in the Anglo-American world where virtually everything is private and a commercial undertaking, the State (or its owners) adopted the mode of tax exemption to negatively support what was a public function in the "Old World". The renowned collegiate universities of Great Britain, e.g. the ancient universities of Oxford and Cambridge began under the auspices of the Latin Church, later nationalized as the Church of England.

The constituent colleges were endowed by benefactors for the protection of their souls in an age when salvation and damnation were still marketable commodities. Some endowments were certainly given in lieu of earthly punishment or in return for other favours. In any event the assets delivered to these originally clerical institutions were protected from creditors and other threats by virtue of royal authority, in secular and spiritual union. With the gradual secularization of the State as well as partial disestablishment of religion, the spiritual benefits of funding university education were enhanced or replaced by tax exemption. The colleges of the ancient universities received their foundations and endowments in return for prayers offered by the college members as intercessors for the souls of their benefactors, a relic of this practice can be found in the official prayer each college recites on the occasion of "hall", the evening meal taken by all the college's members.

When the souls of the dead declined in importance, the privileges accrued to the living by exempting scholars from the burdens and obligations placed on the rest of society by its rulers. In the United States, its own "ancient" universities were modelled on those in the United Kingdom.
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Dollar

'CIA sidekick' gives £2.6M to UK media groups

Matt Kennard, Mark Curtis
Declassified UK
Mon, 17 Jan 2022 00:00 UTC
Reagan speaks
© Fox Photos/Hulton Archive/Getty ImagesUS President Ronald Reagan speaks outside 10 Downing Street • 9 June 1982 • outlining his vision for NED
A US government-funded agency, that claims to promote democracy but which helps undermine governments independent of Washington, has moved decisively into Britain's media space since 2016.
  • National Endowment for Democracy (NED) has funded groups such as Bellingcat, Index on Censorship, Article 19, Finance Uncovered, and the Thomson Reuters Foundation
  • Former CIA officer tells Declassified the NED is a "vehicle" for US government "propaganda"
The National Endowment for Democracy (NED), a non-profit corporation funded by the US Congress, has ploughed over £2.6m into seven British independent media groups over the past five years.

The NED was "created...to do in the open what the Central Intelligence Agency has done surreptitiously for decades", the New York Times reported in 1997. That included spending millions of dollars to "support things like political parties, labor unions, dissident movements and the news media in dozens of countries."

Since the end of the Cold War, the NED has grown and been involved in trying to undermine or remove governments independent of Washington, including democratic ones in Bolivia, Ecuador and Venezuela.
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