Science & TechnologyS


Info

Speech Jammer Brings Talkers' Brains to Stuttering Halt

Speech Jammer
© Kazutaka Kurihara | Koji TsukadaA diagram shows how the speech jammer (pictured bottom right) might work.

Some people never know when to shut up during meetings, movies or while yammering away on the phone at public libraries. Now Japanese scientists have come up with a portable speech-jamming gun that forces obnoxious talkers to come to a stuttering halt.

The "SpeechJammer" device uses a direction-sensitive microphone and speaker to silence talkers with their own words - a psychological trick that creates a delay between the time talkers speak and the time when they hear the words coming out of their mouths. The hearing delay trips up the brain's thinking processes and causes the person to stutter.

It's like hacking people's minds, rather than using a cell phone jammer to disable talkers' mobile gadgets.

Such a clever gadget could impose a blessed silence in public spaces and at meetings, so that even the quietest people can take turns having their say or simply enjoy the lack of noise. The breakthrough was first reported by Technology Review, which threw in its own suggestion for installing the device at the United Nations.

Laptop

Ship's Anchor Slices Internet Cable Cutting off Access in Six African Countries

Workers haul part of the fibre optic cable
© AFPWorkers haul part of the fibre optic cable to shore as it is laid in Mombasa in 2009
A ship's anchor accidentally sliced an underwater internet cable, cutting off access to six African countries.

The incident happened as the vessel stopped in the wrong area as it waited to enter a port in Mombasa, Kenya.

The ship was dragging its anchor when it broke the 3,000 mile long fibre-optic cable on Saturday. It will take engineers three weeks to repair.

However, teams have already managed to restore 10 per cent of the cable's function so services are back up and running at slow speeds, the Wall Street Journal reported.

There are claims that the cable was intentionally sliced as three other cables were also cut in the Red Sea off the coast of Djibouti just days beforehand.

The broadband line severed last weekend goes from Mombasa to the United Arab Emirates and was laid in 2009.

Satellite

NASA Laptop Stolen With Command Codes That Control Space Station

US - NASA's inspector general revealed in congressional testimony that a space agency computer was stolen last year with the command codes to control the International Space Station.

Image
© NASA via Getty ImagesIn this handout image provided by NASA, astronaut Mike Fossum, Expedition 28 flight engineer, waits at an International Space Station’s pressurized mating adapter (PMA-2) docked to the space shuttle Atlantis, as the station’s robotic system moves the failed pump module (out of frame) over to the spacewalking astronaut and the shuttle’s cargo bay during a planned six-and-a-half-hour spacewalk on July 12, 2011.
In a statement given to a House committee on the security challenges facing NASA, Paul K. Martin said that an unencrypted NASA computer stolen last year was one of 48 taken between April 2009 and April 2011.

"The March 2011 theft of an unencrypted NASA notebook computer resulted in the loss of algorithms used to command and control the International Space Station," Martin said in his written testimony. "Other lost or stolen notebooks contained Social Security numbers and sensitive data on NASA's Constellation and Orion programs."

Stop

New speech-jamming gun hints at dystopian Big Brother future

Speech jammer
© extremetech.com
Japanese researchers have created a hand-held gun (pictured above) that can jam the words of speakers who are more than 30 meters (100ft) away. The gun has two purposes, according to the researchers: At its most basic, this gun could be used in libraries and other quiet spaces to stop people from speaking - but its second application is a lot more chilling.

The researchers were looking for a way to stop "louder, stronger" voices from saying more than their fair share in conversation. The paper reads: "We have to establish and obey rules for proper turn-taking when speaking. However, some people tend to lengthen their turns or deliberately interrupt other people when it is their turn in order to establish their presence rather than achieve more fruitful discussions. Furthermore, some people tend to jeer at speakers to invalidate their speech." In other words, this speech-jamming gun was built to enforce "proper" conversations.

The gun works by listening in with a directional microphone, and then, after a short delay of around 0.2 seconds, playing it back with a directional speaker. This triggers an effect that psychologists call Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF), which has long been known to interrupt your speech (you might've experienced the same effect if you've ever heard your own voice echoing through Skype or another voice comms program). According to the researchers, DAF doesn't cause physical discomfort, but the fact that you're unable to talk is obviously quite stressful.

Rocket

New Navy Railgun Tests Leading to Ship Superweapon by 2020


The first weapon-scale prototype of a futuristic Navy railgun began undergoing firing tests last week, the next big step toward putting the electromagnetic superweapon on U.S. warships by 2020. The Navy envisions using railguns to destroy enemy ships, defend against enemy missiles, or bombard land targets in support of Marines hitting the beaches.

Newly released video shows the prototype railgun using an electric-powered launcher rather than gunpowder to fire a huge hypersonic bullet in a cloud of flame and smoke. The Office of Naval Research hopes its new test phase - scheduled to last until 2017 - leads to a Navy weapon capable of hurling 40-pound projectiles at speeds of 4,500 mph to 5,600 mph over 50 to 100 miles (7,240 to 9,010 kilometers per hour over 80 to 161 kilometers).

The full-size prototype, made by BAE Systems, "looks like a real gun," said Roger Ellis, program manager for the railgun at the Office of Naval Research, during a media teleconference today (Feb. 28). Previous tests involved clunky laboratory prototypes that would never see action aboard a Navy warship.

Info

Massive Megalith Makes Its Move to L.A.

Megalith Granite
© LACMAMegalithic granite centerpiece of Michael Hiezer's upcoming installation Levitated Mass, at its quarry of origin in Riverside County.

A 340-ton granite boulder began an intricately planned journey across southern California Tuesday night, making it perhaps the largest megalith to be transported since ancient times. And it's all in the name of art - Earth Art, to be precise.

It is difficult to appreciate how really big this rock is until you see it for yourself. For comparison, Paro, the largest of the monolithic human figures on Easter Island, is a lightweight by comparison, at an estimated 86 tons (although it is 11.5 feet taller). Even the ancient Egyptian obelisk that now stands at Place de la Concorde in Paris weighs only about 250 tons.

The challenge in ancient times was gathering the thousands of people it would take to move massive stones in the absence of machines; today it's L.A. freeway traffic. Carved out of a quarry in Riverside County, this modern megalith is destined for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) 110 miles away.

Getting it there requires a 200-foot-long transporter almost three freeway lanes wide. It also takes the months of research, engineering studies and collaboration with officials in 4 counties and 22 cities it took to establish the (rather circuitous) route that avoids overpasses and any streets or bridges too weak to support the burdened vehicle.

Info

Human Brain Loses Billions of Neurons in New Analysis

Neurons
© iDesign, ShutterstockNeurons in the brain communicate via electrical impulses and neurotransmitters.

The whole human race just got a little dumber: A new analysis of the number of neurons, those brain cells that transmit thoughts, in the human brain has come back with a staggeringly lower number than thought -- 14 billion brain cells fewer, about the size of the babboon brain.

The highly quoted number of human brian cells, 100 billion, doesn't stand up to actual experimental inquiry, Suzana Herculano-Houzel, an assistant professor at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, told the Nature neuroscience podcast NeuroPod.

The work was performed on four human brains, ages 50, 51, 54 and 71, from men who donated their brains to science. As The Guardian summarized:
The method involves dissolving the cell membranes of cells within the brain and creating a homogeneous mixture of the whole lot. You then take a sample of the soup, count the number of cell nuclei belonging to neurons (as opposed to other cells in the brain such as glia) and then scale up to get the overall number. The great advantage of this method is that unlike counting the number of neurons in one part of the brain and then extrapolating from that, it gets over the problem that different brain regions may have more or less densely packed neurons.

Sun

Just Released Report Highlights Unusual Solar Cycle

Image
A mysterious phenomenon detected by space probes has finally been explained, thanks to a massive computer simulation that was able to precisely align with details of spacecraft observations. The finding could not only solve an astrophysical puzzle, but might also lead to a better ability to predict high-energy charged particles which affects Earth.

A good example of what appears to be a shift in the understanding of the Sun-Earth connection. On Feb. 27th, the Earth experienced a geomagnetic storm. But where did it come from? It wasn't solar flares, nor an escalation of sunspots, but a stream of moderate CMEs (coronal mass ejections) have unleashed over the past five days.

Yesterday and early today, more beautiful auroras appeared over Scandinavia, Iceland, Greenland and Finland. What caused this geo-magnetic storm and is something different in this cycle than previous ones?

Yes, this cycle does appear to have some tricks up its sleeve. What is different is the method of release and I would also suggest - a difference in the method of generating plumes of electrons and protons from the Sun. One immediate question comes to mind - does the shift in our galaxy and hence solar system play a role?

Info

Dolphins at Sea Greet Each Other

Bottlenose Dolphins
© CorbisBottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Caribbean Sea near Roatan Island.

Bottlenose dolphins swap signature whistles with each other when they meet in the open sea, a new study reports, suggesting that these marine mammals engage in something akin to a human conversation.

Earlier research found that signature whistles are unique for each dolphin, with the marine mammals essentially naming themselves and communicating other basic information.

A signature dolphin whistle in human speak, might be comparable to, "Hi, I'm George, a large, three-year-old dolphin in good health who means you no harm."

The latest study, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, is the first to show how free-ranging dolphins in the wild use these whistles at sea. The findings add to the growing body of evidence that dolphins possess one of the most sophisticated communication systems in the animal kingdom, perhaps even surpassing that of humans.

"In my mind, the term 'language' describes the human communication system; it is specific to us," co-author Vincent Janik of the University of St. Andrews Sea Mammal Research Unit, told Discovery News. "It is more fruitful to ask whether there are communication systems with similar complexity. I think the dolphin system is probably as complex as it gets among animals."

Info

'Euthanasia Roller Coaster' Designed To 'Thrill And Kill' Riders (Video)


A Lithuanian architect and former theme park worker, has designed a chilling roller coaster concept to thrill passengers - and kill them.

Dubbed the 'Euthanasia Coaster', the morbid design by Julijonas Urbonas, "humanely, with elegance and euphoria, takes the life of a human being" by traveling at 100m/s and lifting the passenger up to a height of more than 1,600ft.

During the three-minute ride, passengers are spun and flung into hoops at 223m/h.

The ride would cause the brain to die from cerebral hypoxia, or lack of oxygen, after experiencing the deadly spins and turns of the track.

Comment: On the same subject, read Death by Roller Coaster.