There is no such thing as a typical firstborn, middle child or baby of the family according to a study that debunks the idea that personality is determined by birth order.

German researchers analysed data from 20,000 people from three nations in the most comprehensive and largest study to date on the issue.

They found that birth order had no effect on five key personality traits: extroversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness and imagination.

However, the paper, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, supported earlier findings that the first child in a family was likely to be more intelligent.

Co-author Julia Rohrer, from the University of Leipzig, said the link between birth order and personality was first mooted in the early 1900s by psychiatrist and philosopher Alfred Adler — the second of six children.

He claimed firstborns were privileged, but also burdened by feelings of excessive responsibility and a fear of dethronement and were more likely to score high on neuroticism.

However, the idea became firmly entrenched in the modern era when United States academic, Professor Frank Sullaway, developed the Family Niche Theory of birth-order effects in 1996. Based on Darwin's theories of evolution, he argued that siblings adapted to certain roles within the family to reduce competition and enhanced the family unit's "fitness".

According to Professor Sulloway's theory, because firstborns were physically superior to their siblings at a young age, they were more likely to show dominant behaviour and become less agreeable.

Laterborns, searching for other ways to assert themselves, tended to rely on social support and become more sociable and thus more extroverted.

A new discovery regarding anomalous brightness frequencies in KIC 8462852 has scientists cautiously declaring they may have found a star system that harbors advanced extraterrestrial life forms. These life forms may have built megastructures, ostensibly to harness solar energy.

Lead author of the study, Tabetha Boyajian, says his group has been looking for alternate explanations since 2011, when "citizen scientists" flagged the star as exceedingly bizarre. Currently, it experiences dips in brightness up to 22%, which could not be the result of a passing exoplanet. Usually, this kind of unexplained activity is the result of a displaced mass of detritus formed within a new star system before gravity has had time to condense or absorb it. But, KIC 8462852, located between between the constellations Cygnus and Lyra, is not a new star.

Scientists have also considered that the dips may be caused by debris from a planetary collision. However, they would also expect this kind of collision to produce excess infrared light, which hasn't been detected. Another explanation involves orbiting comets, but comets virtually never create such drastic changes in light emission.

An asteroid designated 2015 TB145 will pass by the Earth at around 1.3 lunar distances (approximately 310,000 miles or about 499,000 km) on October 31 this year. Estimated to be anywhere between 280 to 620 m (918 to 2,034 ft) in diameter and traveling in excess of 126,000 km/h (78,293 mph), the asteroid was discovered less than two weeks ago using the Pan-STARRS array in Hawaii and is the largest object to so closely approach our planet in recent times.

Before you start panicking, NASA says that the object is expected to safely pass by the Earth and is following an eccentric and high-inclination orbit, which may help explain why it was not discovered until October 10 of this year.

Much closer than a "near miss" of 3.1 lunar distances by another recent asteroid, 2004 BL86, 2015 TB145 is of a similar size or greater than that object, but without an accompanying moon. Nevertheless, this now qualifies as the latest known close encounter, after 2004 XP14 in July 2006 at 1.1 lunar distances, and until the asteroid 1999 AN10 swings by Earth at less than one lunar distance sometime in August 2027.

I knew we'd bought walnuts at the store that week, and I wanted to add some to my oatmeal. I called to my wife and asked her where she'd put them. She was washing her face in the bathroom, running the faucet, and must not have heard me—she didn't answer. I found the bag of nuts without her help and stirred a handful into my bowl. My phone was charging on the counter. Bored, I picked it up to check the app that wirelessly grabs data from the fitness band I'd started wearing a month earlier. I saw that I'd slept for almost eight hours the night before but had gotten a mere two hours of "deep sleep." I saw that I'd reached exactly 30 percent of my day's goal of 13,000 steps. And then I noticed a message in a small window reserved for miscellaneous health tips. "Walnuts," it read. It told me to eat more walnuts.

It was probably a coincidence, a fluke. Still, it caused me to glance down at my wristband and then at my phone, a brand-new model with many unknown, untested capabilities. Had my phone picked up my words through its mic and somehow relayed them to my wristband, which then signaled the app?

The devices spoke to each other behind my back—I'd known they would when I "paired" them—but suddenly I was wary of their relationship. Who else did they talk to, and about what? And what happened to their conversations? Were they temporarily archived, promptly scrubbed, or forever incorporated into the "cloud," that ghostly entity with the too-disarming name?

It was the winter of 2013, and these "walnut moments" had been multiplying—jarring little nudges from beyond that occurred whenever I went online. One night the previous summer, I'd driven to meet a friend at an art gallery in Hollywood, my first visit to a gallery in years. The next morning, in my inbox, several spam e-mails urged me to invest in art. That was an easy one to figure out: I'd typed the name of the gallery into Google Maps. Another simple one to trace was the stream of invitations to drug and alcohol rehab centers that I'd been getting ever since I'd consulted an online calendar of Los Angeles - area Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Since membership in AA is supposed to be confidential, these e‑mails irked me. Their presumptuous, heart-to-heart tone bugged me too. Was I tired of my misery and hopelessness? Hadn't I caused my loved ones enough pain?

A monkey which sneezes in the rain and a "walking" fish are among more than 200 new species discovered in the Eastern Himalayas in recent years. A report on wildlife in Nepal, Bhutan, the far north of Burma, southern Tibet and north-eastern India has revealed discoveries in the past five years including 133 plants, 26 species of fish, 10 new amphibians, one reptile, one bird and one mammal.

Scientists learned of the snub-nosed monkey - or "Snubby" as they nicknamed the species - from locals in the remote forests of northern Burma, who said it was easy to find the monkey when it was raining, because it often got rainwater in its upturned nose, causing it to sneeze. To avoid the problem, snub-nosed monkeys spend rainy days sitting with their heads tucked between their knees, the report said.

The Eastern Himalayas are home to over 100 different amphibian species, including this striking blue-eyed frog. Called the Bompu Litter Frog (Leptobrachium bompu), this species has distinctively wrinkled skin and black bands on its limbs and toes. The frog was discovered in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, as the name suggests, among leaf litter along a stream. The males make a croaking call researchers described as a "kek-kek-kek-kek" sound. (Source: treehugger)

It may be impolite behavior, but dogs are just seeking information about you


Humans are often embarrassed when a dog trots over and starts sniffing at their groin, or pokes its snout in their butt. The dog has no idea that placing its nose in these parts of the human body might be offensive to some people, rather the dog is simply seeking information. The dominant sense for dogs is their sense of smell. Thus for canines reading scents is much like reading a written status report about the target of its sniffing. This is a common way to gather information from other dogs, and in many ways dogs treat humans as if they were similar to canines.

A special kind of sweat gland called apocrine glands produces scents that convey social information. These chemicals are called pheromones. Dogs and most other mammals, have their apocrine sweat glands spread over their entire body with higher concentrations in their genital and anal areas. The pheromone-releasing apocrine cells are even in the hair follicles, so a dog's fur gets coated with these chemicals and concentrated for easier identification by other dogs. Bacteria begin to act on these secretions almost immediately, modifying and intensifying the smell. Pheromone scents not only identify the sex, age, health and mood of the individual but also carry a lot of sexual information as well, such as where the female is in her estrus (menstrual) cycle, or if she is pregnant or having a false pregnancy

Why are some people prone to hallucinations? According to new research from the University of Cambridge and Cardiff University, hallucinations may come from our attempts to make sense of the ambiguous and complex world around us.

Back to the Future Day is almost upon us, but the inventor of the Omni Hoverboard, which looks most similar to the infamous film invention, is still testing improved prototypes of his record-breaking futuristic device.

In the past few years leading up to 21 October 2015, which is the date that Marty McFly travels to with Dr Brown in the cult film Back to the Future II, innovators have stepped up efforts to create real working hoverboards to rival the technology, such as the crowdfunding-born Hendo Hoverboard and the Lexus Hoverboard.

Just to be clear: We don't mean those little segway scooter things that were recently banned by UK police - they're definitely not hoverboards.

The Hendo works using magnetics and can only be used in a special purpose-built conductive rink, while the Lexus uses superconductors and magnets that work against gravity to lift the board, while liquid nitrogen cools the superconductors, giving off steam off the sides of the board.

Robots that can read minds: sounds like we're well on our way to cyborg world domination, right?

Improving human lives has always been the motivation behind robotics. But a new mathematical algorithm developed in the United States may herald a new generation of robots that save human lives when brain injuries or other factors put those lives at risk.

Bioengineers at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) say they've invented a way to read human intent and correct a wrong move in case of an interruption. A new paper published in the journal PLoS One suggests the new algorithm may be integrated into various robotic systems that are designed to assist humans in their mechanical movements. One key application would be new-generation smart prostheses.

Gone are the days when you could search Google and pull up neutral, relevant content appropriate to your search query. The search engine giant is reportedly pioneering a new search algorithm that will tailor search results not based on popularity or accuracy, but rather on what Google itself deems to be truthful or untruthful.

The world's new "Ministry of Truth", Google believes that screening and censoring information requested by its users will help avoid "websites full of misinformation" from showing up at the top of the search list. Known as the "Knowledge Vault," the novel algorithm is described by The New American as "an automated and super-charged version of Google's manually compiled fact database called Knowledge Graph."

Google's Knowledge Graph, in case you didn't know, was the search engine's first attempt at becoming a purveyor of knowledge rather than just information - a "smart" search tool, if you will, designed to enhance the relevancy of search results by analyzing various facts, figures, and other data appropriate to a user's intended query.