Earth ChangesS


Einstein

Is "Fossil Fuel" CO2 Different From Volcanic CO2?

Steven Goddard
Watts Up With That?
Tue, 20 Apr 2010 07:36 UTC
We have all seen lots of pictures of the Eyjafjallajokull eruption now, with steam and ash billowing up in the air. The eruption started one month ago, and as the Guardian reports, The eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano is unlikely to have any significant impact on climate but has caused a small fall in carbon emissions, experts say.

The Guardian editors seem to have forgotten that the volcano itself is spewing massive amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere. Perhaps their kinship with Plane Stupid is having an impact? Plane Stupid's goal is to stop plane traffic in the UK, and they must be thrilled by the flight ban and the damage to the economy.

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Natural CO2 Molecule

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CO2 From A Jet Engine
Volcano CO2 budget (CO2 is emitted independent of ash) ~200,000 tons per day X 30 days of eruption = 6,000,000 tons of CO2.

Plane CO2 Budget - assumes half of EU planes haven't flown for the past six days 340,000 EU tons per day X 0.5 EU shutdown X 6 days = ~1,000,000 tons of savings.

People using alternative transportation (as Anthony and the BBC pointed out) as a replacement for aircraft - cars, trains, battleships , etc. ~1,000,000 tons of extra CO2 Is a battleship more "green" than a jumbo jet?

The total gain is 6,000,000 - 1,000,000 + 1,000,000 = 6,000,000 tons of excess CO2 from the volcano. The temporary aircraft shutdown has little or no net impact on CO2 emissions, but the volcano has a large impact.
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Satellite

New pictures of Iceland volcanic plume


Watts Up With That?
Mon, 19 Apr 2010 07:31 UTC
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© ESANew satellite image of ash spewing from Iceland's volcano
In this image taken [at] (14:45 CET) by ESA's Envisat satellite, a heavy plume of ash from the Eyjafjallajoekull Volcano is seen travelling in a roughly southeasterly direction.

The volcano has been emitting steam and ash since its recent eruptions began on 20 March, and as observable, the emissions continue. The plume, visible in brownish-grey, is approximately 400 km long. Envisat's Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer instrument (MERIS) acquired this image on 19 April, while working in Full Resolution Mode to provide a spatial resolution of 300 m.
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Radar

Ash cloud models - overrated? Airspace hysteria based entirely on computer calculations


What's Up With That?
Mon, 19 Apr 2010 07:15 UTC
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Figure 1. NAME prediction of the visible ash plume resulting from an eruption of Mount Hekla in Iceland on 16 February 2000.
"We sent ten Boeing 747 and Airbus 340 jets on transfer flights from Munich to Frankfurt," Lufthansa spokesman Klaus Walther told the paper. The planes were moved in order to be in the most useful place once the ban is lifted, he explained.

"Our machines flew to a height of 24,000 feet, or around 8,000 metres. In Frankfurt the machines were examined by our technicians. They didn't find the slightest scratch on the cockpit windscreens, on the outer skin nor in the engines."

"The flight ban, which is completely based on computer calculations, is causing economic damage in the billions. This is why, for the future, we demand that dependable measurements must be available before a flight ban is imposed."
Source: "the Local"

At left: the model from the Met Office used to look at dispersion. [Click on image for clearer rendition]
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Bizarro Earth

US: Beached whale's stomach found to be full of fresh trash

Lynda V. Mapes
The Seattle Times
Wed, 21 Apr 2010 00:26 UTC
A gray whale's last meal in Puget Sound included plenty of trash, and it was fresh enough to indicate the animal took the "eat local" mantra enthusiastically to heart before coming ashore at Arroyo Beach, and later dying about a mile south of the Fauntleroy ferry dock.

Trash in Whale Stomach
© CASCADIA RESEARCH COLLECTIVEBeached whale's stomach found to be full of fresh trash.

A gray whale that came ashore and later died near the Fauntleroy ferry dock last week had all that is pictured here in its stomach, all ingested while feeding in Puget Sound.
Sweatpants. A golf ball. Surgical gloves. Small towels. Bits of plastic. And more than 20 plastic bags.

A gray whale's last meal in Puget Sound included plenty of trash, and it was fresh enough to indicate the animal took the "eat local" mantra enthusiastically to heart before coming ashore at Arroyo Beach, and later dying about a mile south of the Fauntleroy ferry dock.

In 20 years of examining more than 200 whale carcasses, research scientist John Calambokidis says Tuesday he has never seen so much trash in a whale's stomach. Founding member of the Cascadia Research Collective in Olympia, Calambokidis says he does not yet know what caused the whale's death, and tests are continuing.

"It kind of dramatizes the legacy of what we leave at the bottom," Calambokidis said. The sediment at the bottom of Puget Sound bays is loaded with other contaminants, "and an animal feeding and being exposed to this kind of garbage is also being exposed to those, too."
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Blackbox

Australia: Global search can't solve Dolphin mystery

Heather Kennett
Portside Messenger
Wed, 21 Apr 2010 00:13 UTC
Injured Dolphins
© Barbara SabertonHorrific burns on Port River dolphins - the cause may never be known.
The exact cause of the horrific burns inflicted on two Port River dolphins is unlikely to ever be known, despite a global search by local authorities.

The injured dolphins, Wave and her calf Tallula are being monitored daily by Port dolphin expert Mike Bossley and Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary staff since the lesions on the upper flank of their bodies were first seen almost two weeks ago.

Dr Bossley, director of the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, said he was "more positive" about the dolphins likelihood of recovery, although the injuries were still a concern. "We've had responses from researchers and veterinarians from all over the world and it was universally acknowledged as the the worst ever injuries seen on a surviving dolphin," he said.

"I'm slightly more positive now that we've got to day 10 and they are still alive, because I feel if they were going to succumb they may have already by now.

"It would seem that Wave is feeding Tallula if Wave was too sick she couldn't provide milk but it is still a touch and go situation."

Environment Department animal welfare manager Deb Kelly ruled out any Port River industry or pollution as a cause of the burns.

However it wasn't possible to capture either dolphin to take skin samples to help determine the exact cause because it would be too distressing, she said.
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Fish

Robin Hood meets his underwater match

Wendy Zukerman
New Scientist
Tue, 20 Apr 2010 20:41 UTC
Image
© Shelby Temple, University of QueenslandThwonk!
Species: Toxotes chatareus

Habitat: Coastal waters of the Asia-Pacific region, including Sri Lanka, India, New Guinea and northern Australia; typically in murky, brackish water, where they swim just under the surface.

Archerfish may not carry a bow and arrow, but all they need to shoot like one of Robin Hood's merry men is the chance to watch an expert at target practice.

The shimmering fish, with dashes of black on their silver flanks, are the sharpshooters of the estuaries and mangroves of Asia and Australasia. Having chosen an insect perching unawares on low branches as prey, they press their tongue against the roof of their mouth, snap their gills shut and squirt long shots of water from below the surface that knock the critter into the water. They can dislodge prey at distances of more than 10 times the fish's own length.

But it's not a matter of "shoot and hope" for the cunning archerfish. They fine-tune the size of their water jets to the size of their prey and how well the prey is gripping the surface it is standing on. In 2006, Stefan Schuster and colleagues at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg in Germany showed that for any given size of prey, archerfish tuned their inbuilt water guns to hit the insect with 10 times the force required to knock it off its perch.
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Bizarro Earth

Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano is nothing compared to 'Angry Sister' Katla

Mark Sappenfield
Christian Science Monitor
Tue, 20 Apr 2010 20:12 UTC
Image
© NewscomMotorists stopped to take pictures of the ash cloud from the eruption at Eyjafjallajökull volcano in southern Iceland Saturday. Scientists are watching a nearby volcano, Katla, to see if it, too, might erupt.
Every time in recorded history that Eyjafjallajökull volcano has erupted, the much larger Katla volcano has also erupted. Scientists are watching Katla carefully.

This history of Iceland will not make for comforting reading for thousands of would-be air travelers stranded across northern Europe and beyond.

The last time Eyjafjallajökull erupted, it continued belching the Earth's unsettled insides for 14 months, from December 1821 to January 1823.

Scientists do not expect Eyjafjallajökull to keep northern Europe's airports closed for 14 months, but they suggest that Eyjafjallajökull's impact on world travel might not end with the end of this current eruption.

Moreover, Iceland's "Angry Sister" hasn't even awoken yet. The three times in recorded history when Eyjafjallajökull has erupted, its neighbor, the much larger Katla, has followed suit.

Data do not yet suggest that a Katla eruption is imminent. Yet, in some respects, it is the far greater concern, both in Iceland and beyond.
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Igloo

Are winters in Europe becoming colder?


PhysOrg.com
Tue, 20 Apr 2010 19:42 UTC
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© NASAA sight which we will need to get accustomed to: Large parts of Great Britain and Central Europe were covered in snow during the previous winter, as this satellite image from 7 January 2010 shows.
Despite the trend towards global warming, people in Great Britain and Central Europe will possibly experience cold winters more often in the next few years. This is the findings of a study by scientists from the University of Reading, the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire and the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Katlenburg-Lindau.

Comment: There is no "trend towards global warming." The cold winter to come is the result of a trend towards global cooling, specifically an ice age.

The researchers have discovered a link between low solar activity and unusually low winter temperatures in this region. It is possible that, at times of low solar activity, the mild winds from the Atlantic do not reach Europe in winter. These results do not contradict an anthropogenic climate change, which is causing the temperatures on Earth to increase on average. (Environmental Research Letters, April 15, 2010)

Comment: These results do not contradict an anthropogenic climate change because there is no such thing as anthropogenic climate change. The changing climate is the result of natural cycles. Apart from pockets of warming, the temperatures on Earth are not increasing on average. They are falling.

The sun does not always radiate with the same intensity: Phases of high activity, in which our Sun sends particularly large amounts of radiation and large numbers of particles towards Earth, alternate with comparably quiet phases in a roughly eleven-year cycle. Visible evidence of this cycle is provided by the dark sun spots which can sometimes even be seen with the naked eye. If there are a large number of these spots, the Sun is experiencing a particularly high level of magnetic activity and therefore radiates very brightly.

Comment: Sott.net prediction: next winter will also be bitterly cold across the northern hemisphere. It may not even end.

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Propaganda

Propaganda Alert! Iceland volcano causes fall in carbon emissions as eruption grounds aircraft

David Adam
The Guardian
Tue, 20 Apr 2010 14:37 UTC
Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull volcano
© JON GUSTAFSSON/APIceland's Eyjafjallajokull volcano
Cooling effect from volcano ash cloud will be 'very insignificant', but flight ban stops emission of estimated 2.8m tonnes of CO2

The eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano is unlikely to have any significant impact on climate but has caused a small fall in carbon emissions, experts say.

Although large eruptions such as Mount Pinatubo in 1991 can spew out enough material to shade and cool the planet, recent activity in Iceland is very small in comparison. The ash cloud has not reached the high atmosphere, where it would have the most effect, and it contains little sulphur, which forms reflective droplets of sulphuric acid. The World Meteorological Organisation in Geneva says any cooling effect from Eyjafjallajokull will be "very insignificant".

A larger effect on the atmosphere, though still small in global terms, comes from the mass-grounding of European flights over the past few days. According to the Environmental Transport Association, by the end of today the flight ban will have prevented the emission of some 2.8m tonnes of carbon dioxide since the first flights were grounded.

Comment: Once again 'experts' on the man-made global warming bandwagon spreading absurdities. The real issue is the massive volume of toxic fluoride and ash that is contaminating drinking water and threatening livestock.

Next we'll be told that humans caused the volcanic eruption...Oh hang on..CNN and NPR already have:
NPR and CNN worry that Global Warming may have caused Iceland's Volcano!!!

This is just too bizarre:
Diana Rehm (NPR): We do wonder whether there's human involvement in all of these eruptions, earthquakes, storms -

Elise Labott (senior State Department producer for CNN): - and how much global warming has a role in it. You know we've seen a lot of wacky weather but that's just a microcosm for what's happening around the world and how much climate change is contributing to earthquakes and volcanic ash - it's a really good question.
How exactly could global warming cause a volcano to go off?


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Bizarro Earth

Australia: Earthquake Magnitude 5.2 Hits Kalgoorlie


ABC News
Tue, 20 Apr 2010 04:20 UTC
Kalgoorlie Earthquake 1
© USGS
Hundreds of school children were evacuated from classrooms after a 5.0-magnitude earthquake hit the West Australian Goldfields city of Kalgoorlie-Boulder this morning.

Geoscience Australia says the earthquake hit one to two kilometres south of the Kalgoorlie city centre in Boulder about 8:20am.

Ambulance officers have taken a man and a woman to hospital with minor injuries. They are both in a stable condition.

Residents are being warned to prepare for aftershocks, but Geoscience Australia's David Jepsen said the worst should be over.

Comment: USGS has rated this earthquake at magnitude 5.2 as opposed to the local media. The detail might sound insignificant, however because the Richter scale is logarithmic, the difference is quite substantial in terms of energy released.

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