Science & TechnologyS

Meteor

An Inside Look at Comet Holmes

The astronomy world buzzed in the Fall of 2007 when Comet Holmes - a normally humdrum, run-of-the-mill comet - unexpectedly flared and erupted. Its coma of gas and dust expanded away from the comet, extending to a volume larger than the Sun. Professional and amateur astronomers around the world turned their telescopes toward the spectacular event. Everyone wanted to know why the comet had suddenly exploded.
Comet Holmes
© NASA

The Hubble Space Telescope observed the comet, but provided few clues. And now, observations taken of the comet after the explosion by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope deepen the mystery, showing oddly behaving streamers in the shell of dust surrounding the nucleus of the comet. The data also offer a rare look at the material liberated from within the nucleus. "The data we got from Spitzer do not look like anything we typically see when looking at comets," said Bill Reach of NASA's Spitzer Science Center at Caltech.

Info

Identifying Terrorist Threats from a Distance Via Visual Analysis

A hand moves forward, but is it a friendly gesture or one meant to do harm? In an instant, we respond -- either extending our arm forward to shake hands or raising it higher to protect our face. But what are the subtle cues that allow us to interpret such movement so we can properly respond to others?

In research projects designed to assist the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and to provide deeper insight into how autistic individuals perceive others, Maggie Shiffrar, professor of psychology at Rutgers University in Newark, is examining how our visual system helps us to interpret the intent conveyed in subtle body movements.

While most autism research has focused on the difficulties in face perception, Shiffrar is one of the first researchers to examine autism as it relates to connections between visual analysis, body movement and our ability to interact with others.

Satellite

Chandrayaan to orbit moon for two years

Chandrayaan-1
© Unknown
India's maiden lunar mission, the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft that launches on October 22, will orbit about 100 km from the lunar surface for two years, performing remote sensing of the dark side or hidden portion of the moon to unravel its mysteries, scientists working on the project said.

About 500 space scientists are working round-the-clock to launch India's maiden lunar mission next week.

The Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft will be launched on board the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) C11 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) at Sriharikota, about 90 km from Chennai and off the Bay of Bengal.

R2-D2

Canada: New robotic repair system will fix ailing satellites

Queen's discovery allows servicing of distant satellites beyond the reach of manned space flight

Kingston, Ontario - Researchers at Queen's University are developing a new robotic system to service more than 8,000 satellites now orbiting the Earth, beyond the flight range of ground-based repair operations. Currently, when the high-flying celestial objects malfunction - or simply run out of fuel - they become "space junk" cluttering the cosmos, according to Eurekalert, the news service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

"These are mechanical systems, which means that eventually they will fail," notes Electrical and Computer Engineering professor Michael Greenspan, who leads the Queen's project. But because they are many thousands of kilometres away, the satellites are beyond the reach of an expensive, manned spaced flight, while Earth-based telerobotic repair isn't possible in real time.

Meteor

Deep impact unlikely

Boom
© Illustration courtesy of NASA
People seem to take perverse pleasure in imagining how the world might end, and one wildly popular end-game theory is that a giant asteroid will smash into the Earth, exterminating all life.

But what are the chances that a significantly large object will crash into Earth within the next few generations, wiping out all living species?

"An impact that large is very unlikely," said Brian Thomas, assistant professor of physics and astronomy at Washburn. "We know of at least five major mass extinctions on Earth, with the last one occurring about 100 million years ago. But it didn't wipe out all life. It only wiped out about half of the species."

Comment: Ah, so reassuring all this talk about asteroids coming once every 100,000 years. But what about comets?

To get an idea of the real danger facing us, check out the series on comets listed on the sidebar to the left. Don't be fooled by ignorant or lying dupes of the pathocracy.


Satellite

Ancient Peru Pyramid Spotted by Satellite

Satellite view of Peru pyramid
© National Research Council, ItalyBuried History
A new remote sensing technology has peeled away mud and earth layers near the Cahuachi desert in Peru to reveal an ancient adobe pyramid, Italian researchers announced on Friday at a satellite imagery conference in Rome. In this satellite image, the white arrows show the buried pyramid and the black arrows other structures which have yet to be investigated.
A new remote sensing technology has peeled away layers of mud and rock near Peru's Cahuachi desert to reveal an ancient adobe pyramid, Italian researchers announced on Friday at a satellite imagery conference in Rome.

Nicola Masini and Rosa Lasaponara of Italy's National Research Council (CNR) discovered the pyramid by analyzing images from the satellite Quickbird, which they used to penetrate the Peruvian soil.

The researchers investigated a test area along the river Nazca. Covered by plants and grass, it was about a mile away from Cahuachi's archaeological site, which contains the remains of what is believed to be the world's biggest mud city.

Robot

Machines Edge Closer To Imitating Human Communication

At a major artificial intelligence competition at the University of Reading on 12 October, machines have come close to imitating human communication.

As part of the 18th Loebner Prize, all of the artificial conversational entities (ACEs) competing to pass the Turing Test have managed to fool at least one of their human interrogators that they were in fact communicating with a human rather than a machine. One of the ACEs, the eventual winner of the 2008 Loebner Prize, got even closer to the 30% Turing Test threshold set by 20th-century British mathematician, Alan Turing in 1950, by fooling 25% of human interrogators.
ACE conversing with human interrogator
© University of Reading/Diem PhotographyACE conversing with human interrogator.

Top machines from around the world were entered into the competition and following extensive scrutiny these were whittled down to the five best for the 12 October finale. During the Turing Test at the University of Reading, the ACEs competed in a series of five minute long, unrestricted conversations with human interrogators, attempting to pass themselves off as human. The interrogators did not know whether they were conversing with a human or a machine during the test.

Saturn

Giant Cyclones At Saturn's Poles Create A Swirl Of Mystery

Image
© NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteShadows reveal the topography of Saturn's south polar vortex.
New images from NASA's Cassini spacecraft reveal a giant cyclone at Saturn's north pole, and show that a similarly monstrous cyclone churning at Saturn's south pole is powered by Earth-like storm patterns.

The new-found cyclone at Saturn's north pole is only visible in the near-infrared wavelengths because the north pole is in winter, thus in darkness to visible-light cameras. At these wavelengths, about seven times greater than light seen by the human eye, the clouds deep inside Saturn's atmosphere are seen in silhouette against the background glow of Saturn's internal heat.

Saturn

Space Fly-by Reveals New Insights Into Titan's Life

Cracking the secrets of the atmosphere of Titan, Saturn's mysterious moon, and how planetary atmospheres evolve, have come a step closer after evaluation of data from a successful fly-by of its surface by the Cassini spacecraft.
Cassini spacecraft approaching Saturn.
© NASACassini spacecraft approaching Saturn

Researchers and engineers on the Cassini project, which includes teams from UCL Space and Climate Physics and UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), were also given a glimpse of how Titan, which has no magnetic field of its own, holds onto remnants of Saturn's magnetic field as it caught the big moon on one of its excursions outside Saturn's magnetosphere.

Telescope

How Dust Rings Point To Exo-Earths With Supercomputer's Help

Supercomputer simulations of dusty disks around sunlike stars show that planets nearly as small as Mars can create patterns that future telescopes may be able to detect. The research points to a new avenue in the search for habitable planets.

"It may be a while before we can directly image earthlike planets around other stars but, before then, we'll be able to detect the ornate and beautiful rings they carve in interplanetary dust," says Christopher Stark, the study's lead researcher at the University of Maryland, College Park.
A planet twice Earth's mass
© NASA/Christopher Stark, GSFCA planet twice Earth's mass forms a ringed dust structure in this simulation. Enhanced dust density leads and trails the planet and causes periodic brightenings.

Working with Marc Kuchner at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., Stark modeled how 25,000 dust particles responded to the presence of a single planet -- ranging from the mass of Mars to five times Earth's -- orbiting a sunlike star. Using NASA's Thunderhead supercomputer at Goddard, the scientists ran 120 different simulations that varied the size of the dust particles and the planet's mass and orbital distance.