Extreme Temperatures
El Niño is defined by above-normal sea surface temperatures in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific Ocean.
Occurring every two to five years, El Niño's most significant effects on North America occur during the wintertime.
However, the resulting weather varies depending on where the warm water temperatures are centered.
"Confidence continues to grow that this El Niño will be one of the strongest El Niños over the past 50 years," according to AccuWeather Meteorologist Brett Anderson.

Poles apart: in 2013, the year scientists had forecast that the Arctic would be 'ice free’, its thickness increased by a third.
Last week I mentioned that the Prince of Wales had sent a message to this conference calling for the UN's forthcoming climate meeting in Paris to agree on "a Magna Carta for the Earth". But only a series of startling posts by a sharp-eyed Canadian blogger, Donna Laframboise (on Nofrakkingconsensus), have alerted us to what a bizarre event this judicial gathering turned out to be (the organisers even refused to give her the names of those who attended).
Including senior judges and lawyers from across the world, the three-day conference on "Climate Change and the Law" was staged in London's Supreme Court. It was funded, inter alia, by the Supreme Court itself, the UK government and the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).
As one of the two UN sponsors of its Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, UNEP has been one of the main drivers of alarm over global warming for 40 years. The organiser and chairman of the conference was the Supreme Court judge Lord Carnwath, a fervent believer in man-made climate change, who has worked with the Prince of Wales for more than 20 years, and with UNEP since 2002.
Forecasters have issued early warnings to prepare for sub-zero temperatures and blizzard conditions across the entire UK. A perfect storm of ingredients including the most powerful El Nino on record and changes in air pressure over the Arctic threaten horrendous conditions across Britain. A negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation will allow freezing air to pour in from the North Pole. If the cycle continues it will open the gates to the fury of a fully-blown Arctic blast rivalling the record winters of 1962/63 and 1946/47.
Atlantic sea temperatures around the UK have plunged this year meaning any cold weather fronts will be bolstered by the icy waters. Current predictions are also for a negative North Atlantic Oscillation to weaken atmospheric pressure gradient between Iceland and Bermuda. This acts to stifle prevailing westerly winds which in turn forces milder weather southwards over Europe while allowing the cold in from the north.
And a third factor - the Arctic Oscillation - is also threatening to swing into a negative phase bolstering the flow of Arctic air into the UK in a triple-whammy of winter misery. It means heavy and persistent snowfall, Arctic gales and deep snowdrifts threaten to throw the country into chaos from December until MARCH although the earliest snowfall could arrive by early November.
Forecasters are now warning people to prepare for the worst this year with experts fearing thousands could die from the cold. After two mild years they fear the emergency services could be lulled into a false sense of security. Official figures show that even during the winter of 2013/14 which failed to bring any major whiteout, 18,200 excess deaths were recorded. In 2012/13 the Office of National Statistics recorded 31,000 excess deaths with elderly, unwell and vulnerable people hardest hit.
After a cool Tuesday unfolded, the stage was set for rain to change to snow at night as a storm system dropped southward and pulled down even colder air into Germany.
The snow will fall in between Berlin and Munich, focusing on the corridor from Trier to Frankfurt to Kassel to the mountains along border of the Czech Republic before tapering off Wednesday morning, mixing back with rain in some cases.
Fritzlar should also see snow, marking the earliest such occurrence in October since Oct. 5, 1994, according to AccuWeather Meteorologist Tyler Roys.
As is typical in early (and late) season snowfall events, amounts and impacts will be dependent on both elevation and snowfall intensity. Snow totals at any given location will be greatest on non-paved surfaces than paved surfaces, which retain more of the sun's warmth and are slower to cool.
The snow is expected to accumulate 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) in the colder highest elevations. While some melting will initially occur on the roads, that amount of snow will eventually lead to slippery and slushy travel.
According to AccuWeather Meteorologist Edward Vallee, "A ridge of high pressure will dominate the West through the week, leading to temperatures 10 to 20 degrees above average." Portions of the West set new record-high temperatures over the weekend.
Downtown Los Angeles reached 100 F for the third straight day on Sunday, the first time such a streak occurred since 1989. The last time Los Angeles had three straight days of triple-digit heat in October was in 1958.
While the coastal areas are expected to cool slightly during the week, the interior portions of the West will remain very warm.
Temperatures this week will be more typical of late August and early September than the middle of October.
The weather will be ideal for anyone with outdoor activities this week.
Record-high temperatures will be challenged on Tuesday across the Southwest including the cities of Sacramento and Fresno, California; Reno and Las Vegas, Nevada; Phoenix; Santa Fe, New Mexico; Pueblo, Colorado; and Medford, Oregon. Relief from the warmth will occur across the Southwest later in the week.
Comment: See our latest Earth Changes Summary for a snapshot of the wild weather that occurred all over the world in the month of September.
SOTT Earth Changes Summary - September 2015: Extreme Weather, Planetary Upheaval, Meteor Fireballs
According to the Met department, no change is expected in the present weather pattern in the coming days because days will remain hot and humid while night hours will be chilly. A weather expert said, "This is a strange weather condition, which is usually not witnessed in the October month as in this period the day temperature slips below 30 degree Celsius, but at present the days are extremely hot.
While the day temperature on Saturday and Friday was 34.8 and 36.6 degree Celsius respectively, it was recorded at 36 degrees on Thursday. The normal day temperature in the first week of October is usually 33 degrees. In the minimum temperature category, normal temperature is 22 degrees, but any value below this mark is considered as low. In the past three nights, the night temperature recorded was 15.7, 19.6 and 20.8 degreed Celsius respectively.
Comment: Elsewhere these extreme temperature differences within a short time period are also being recorded. See also:
Scottish Highland town is coldest and hottest place in the UK - in a single day
Unusual weather phenomenon in Finland, as city area experiences highest and lowest temperatures on same day
Snowfall was witnessed in Kailash mountain range, Asha Pati, Seoj Dhar, Chattar Gali in the upper reaches of Bhadarwah town, leading to sudden drop in temperature forcing people to wear warm clothes to protect themselves from chilly winds, official said.
Although there was slight drizzle at some places in Bhadarwah town but the unseasonal snowfall in surrounding areas which resulted in the sudden drop of temperature has worried the farmers.
The scenic highway is closed on the Montana side at Vista Point south of Red Lodge.
In Wyoming, the highway is closed from the junction of Wyoming 286 to the Montana line.
The highway usually closes each winter because of impassable conditions over Beartooth Pass in Wyoming.
Source: The Associated Press

Temperatures in Aviemore plummeted to just 1C on Tuesday night leaving the mountain village shrouded in mist on Wednesday morning. Above, ducks swim on Loch Morlich
- Temperatures in Aviemore plummeted to near freezing on Tuesday night
- Climbed to 21C on Wednesday morning - hotter than Rome and Paris
- Met Office spokesman said difference was due to high pressure in the air
- Weekend should stay fine and dry with temperatures dropping next week
The Scottish weather showed its unpredictability yesterday with one Highland town declared both the hottest and coldest place in the UK. Above, Maja Aas relaxes in the warm autumn sunshine on a beach on the shores of Loch Morlich
Claire Smith, 35, the manager of the Mountain Cafe in Aviemore, said it was as if autumn had been skipped altogether.
She said: 'It was incredibly chilly coming in the morning with a coat, scarf and gloves on. You could see the grass glistening and frost appearing on cars.
'But I have to carry all my clothes home later on because it will be far too warm. 'It's been really strange here because we're having a bit of an Indian summer but starting our day with winter - it's as if we've skipped autumn completely.
A team of top-level atmospheric chemistry boffins from France and Germany say they have identified a new process by which vast amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from the sea - a process which was unknown until now, meaning that existing climate models do not take account of it.
The effect of VOCs in the air is to cool the climate down, and thus climate models used today predict more warming than can actually be expected. Indeed, global temperatures have actually been stable for more than fifteen years, a circumstance which was not predicted by climate models and which climate science is still struggling to assmilate.
In essence, the new research shows that a key VOC, isoprene, is not only produced by living organisms (for instance plants and trees on land and plankton in the sea) as had previously been assumed. It is also produced in the "microlayer" at the top of the ocean by the action of sunlight on floating chemicals - no life being necessary. And it is produced in this way in very large amounts.
According to an announcement just issued by the German government's Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research:
Atmospheric chemists from France and Germany, however, can now show that isoprene can also be formed without biological sources in the surface film of the oceans by sunlight and so explain the large discrepancy between field measurements and models. The new identified photochemical reaction is therefore important to improve the climate models.
Comment: According to this report from the NOAA, the 1997/98 El Niño, was one of the most significant climatic events of the century, and produced extreme weather worldwide. During this El Niño, temperature and precipitation records were broken across the United States. Many areas suffered heavy flooding, and the U.S. experienced a series of severe tornadoes. Elsewhere around the world, El Niño contributed to major droughts and wildfire in Mexico, Indonesia and Brazil; devastating floods in South America; and massive coral bleaching from Panama to Africa to Australia's Great Barrier Reef.