
© Trustees of the British Museum/Mathieu OssendrijverAncient Babylonian cuneiform tablet text A provided essential clues to understanding four other tablets numbered text B to text E.
The earliest known examples of mathematical and geometric astronomy have been identified in a series of ancient Babylonian cuneiform tablets.
An analysis of the tablets, reported in the journal Science, reveals ancient Babylonians were able to calculate the position of Jupiter using geometric techniques previously believed to have been first used some 1,400 years later in 14th century Europe."These texts are the earliest evidence we have from antiquity of mathematical astronomy," said the study's author Dr Mathieu Ossendrijver, a historian on Babylonian astronomy with the Humboldt University in Berlin.
"It describes Jupiter's velocity across the sky and how that changes with time."
The tablets, which are housed at the British Museum, are believed to have been unearthed from an archaeological dig in what is now modern day Iraq sometime in the 1800s.
The almost completely intact tablets are thought to have been written in Babylon between 350 and 50 BCE.
The tablets are part of a larger collection of 450 astronomy tablets from Babylon and Uruk containing celestial data arranged in rows and columns, together with instructions.
Dr Ossendrijver examined five tablets numbered as trapezoid text A to trapezoid text E, four of which deal with geometrical trapezoid shapes, but nobody understood what they were about.
Comment: There is no doubt that there has been a great deal of revision of Russia's history, especially as seen from the West. Putin mentions that "history should be carefully analyzed so as not to repeat the mistakes of the past". And indeed, his governments appear to have taken that to heart over the last 15 years.
Putin also brings up the Romanov family. The following revisits in pictures who they were:
In pictures: Russia's imperial Romanov family