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Under the new rules, "open fire" is prohibited on apartment balconies, as well as in the living areas of dormitories and hotels.
Lighting matches and smoking are both classed as open fire, officials say. Barbecuing kebabs and lighting candles will also be banned, reports say.
There was initial confusion as to whether smoking was included in the ban, with one tobacco industry official insisting that the new rules were all about "alcoholics who grill shish kebabs on the balcony".
But ministry officials later confirmed that smoking would be prohibited. Breaking the new fire safety rules could prompt a fine of up to 3,000 roubles (£38; €42; $47), while leaving a lit cigarette that causes a fire could prompt criminal charges.
When the ban takes effect on 1 October, its impact is going to be profound.
Russian cities mostly consist of high-rises, and balconies are where people usually smoke when they are at home. Few will be willing to get dressed and take the lift downstairs just for a quick smoke.
And this is the point made by many commentators online.
"What's the use of a balcony if you can't smoke there?" asked one commentator on the popular website TJournal.
"Banning people from smoking on their own balconies is nonsensical. The government has simply banned people from using their own property," said one popular tweet.
"And this is the kind of job we pay the government billions of roubles for each year," said another.
The head of the All-Russian Movement for Smokers' Rights, Andrey Loskutov, was also fuming. "They've banned it everywhere they could. Now they remembered they forgot about balconies," he told Interfax news agency.
But Channel 5 TV was resigned: "Russians will just have to find somewhere else to smoke."
Cmon Russia, who the f**k barbecues sober?
Andrey Loskutov you owe me a carton.