Science & TechnologyS

House

Sun-powered collapsible woven refugee shelters help bring dignity to the displaced

woven homes
More than 40 million people worldwide have been displaced from their homes and left to find shelter in strange lands. Maybe they find a tarp, or a tent, but their quality of life almost always remains dismal. To close this gap in need, Jordanian-Canadian architect and designer Abeer Seikaly designed a new kind of shelter. One that allows refugees to rebuild their lives with dignity.

Seikaly, now living in Amman, Jordan is well poised to design a dwelling for refugees given that her ancestors in Jordan probably toggled between nomadic and sheltered life in the desert for centuries.
woven homes refugee shelter
"The movement of people across the earth led to the discovery of new territories as well as the creation of new communities among strangers forming towns, cities, and nations," writes Seikaly in her design brief. "Navigating this duality between exploration and settlement, movement and stillness is a fundamental essence of what it means to be human."

But today, a great deal of migration is no longer voluntary, as wars and climate change force people out of their homes - often with very little money. The collapsible woven shelters, which are conceptual but proven to work, would allow these people to carry their homes with them.

Sun

Solar Wind Provokes Lightning on Earth

Image
© UnknownSolar Wind interaction with Earth's magnetosphere.
Scientists in the United Kingdom have reported findings that could change our understanding of lightning. Researchers have discovered a link between charged particles on the Sun and increased lightning on Earth. Wal Thornhill explains why this is not a surprise to the Electric Universe community.

For a background discussion on lightning in the Electric Universe, see video below:

Comment: Looks like the word is getting out.


Telescope

Spectacular gamma-ray burst from 12 billion years ago captured by NASA space satellite

gamma ray burst
© Reuters / HOGamma-ray burst
A Texas observatory has captured a powerful gamma-ray burst - the violent death of a massive star - that happened relatively "soon'" after the Big Bang. Understanding such hard-to-spot events gives us insight into how the early universe developed.

While the observation was published only this week, the transient flash of the dying star GRB 140419A was detected on April 19 by NASA's space satellite, which relayed the info an automated telescope belonging to Southern Methodist University (SMU).

It is only these sophisticated and integrated technologies that allow us to systematically observe gamma-ray bursts, mysterious phenomena that were only discovered in the 1960s.

"Gamma-ray bursts are the most powerful explosions in the universe since the Big Bang. These bursts release more energy in 10 seconds than our Earth's sun during its entire expected lifespan of 10 billion years," said Farley Ferrante, the SMU student who monitored the event.

Like some other similar disintegrations, GRB 140419A might have been a star up to 50 times bigger than our sun that ran out of fuel, and collapsed upon itself, creating a black hole - a mass so dense and with so much gravity that nothing can escape it. The explosion happened relatively soon - 1.7 billion years - after the Big Bang, which occurred 13.82 billion years ago.

"Considering this thing was at the edge of the visible universe, that's an extreme explosion. That was something big. Really big," said Robert Kehoe, the leader of SMU's astronomy team.

Comment: Although the media often acts as if the "Big-Bang" is an accepted fact, it is merely a theory and there is much dissension in scientific circles. Pierre Lescaudron discusses this and also explains some of the most recent theories concerning the electric universe in his book Earth Changes and the Human-Cosmic Connection.


Bug

Lyme disease is older than human race - 15 million-year-old bacteria found in amber-preserved ticks

Lyme disease is a stealthy, often misdiagnosed disease that was only recognized about 40 years ago, but new discoveries of ticks fossilized in amber show that the bacteria which cause it may have been lurking around for 15 million years - long before any humans walked on Earth.

The findings were made by researchers from Oregon State University, who studied 15-20 million-year-old amber from the Dominican Republic that offer the oldest fossil evidence ever found of Borrelia, a type of spirochete-like bacteria that to this day causes Lyme disease. They were published in the journal Historical Biology.

In a related study, published in Cretaceous Research, OSU scientists announced the first fossil record of Rickettsial-like cells, a bacteria that can cause various types of spotted fever. Those fossils from Myanmar were found in ticks about 100 million years old.
lyme disease fossilized ticks
Tick preserved in amber
As summer arrives and millions of people head for the outdoors, it's worth considering that these tick-borne diseases may be far more common than has been historically appreciated, and they've been around for a long, long time.

"Ticks and the bacteria they carry are very opportunistic," said George Poinar, Jr., a professor emeritus in the Department of Integrative Biology of the OSU College of Science, and one of the world's leading experts on plant and animal life forms found preserved in amber. "They are very efficient at maintaining populations of microbes in their tissues, and can infect mammals, birds, reptiles and other animals.

"In the United States, Europe and Asia, ticks are a more important insect vector of disease than mosquitos," Poinar said. "They can carry bacteria that cause a wide range of diseases, affect many different animal species, and often are not even understood or recognized by doctors.

Phoenix

Chinese scientists claim they've solved mystery behind ball lightning

Ball Lightning
© Library Thinkquest OrgBall lightning is a phenomenon where a luminous sphere, only several centimeters in diameter, floats through the air near the ground. It lasts a few seconds, and then dissipates or explodes.
A team from Northwestern University of China, led by Professor Sen Jian Yong conducted observations in the highlands of Tibet.

During a severe thunderstorm, they witnessed the emergence of a giant fireball, about five meters in diameter, and managed to measure the chemical composition of its basic elements with a spectrometer. Chinese scientists were able to investigate the chemical makeup of the main elements of ball lightning.

According to "Rossiyskaya Gazeta" such substances as silicon, iron and calcium are common in soil. On this basis, the Chinese physicists said that they were able to confirm the hypothesis of the New Zealand scientist John Abrahamson, who suggested that when lightning strikes the ground the sudden rise in temperature makes the soil eliminate oxides of silicon, iron and other elements.

A shock wave throws resulting gas into the air, forming a ball. According to Chinese physicists, the mystery ball of lightning has been uncovered. Another interesting fact was found as well. The fluctuations of ball lightning are about 100 hertz, though they are supposed to be half as less. It is possible that an extra 50 hertz could have been added by those located nearby power lines.

One of the leading Russian experts in studying the phenomenon of ball lightning, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics of Moscow State University, Vladimir Bychkov is convinced that Chinese scientists have not received conclusive evidence about the origin of ball lightning striking in normal soil. Bychkov is not alone in his doubts. Thus, the world's authoritative scientific journal Nature refused to publish an article by the Chinese scholars, it came out in a less prestigious publication.

According to Professor Bychkov, the situation with ball lightning has remained virtually unchanged for many years. Today there are hundreds of theories that explain its origin. Many famous scientists offered their version, in particular, the Nobel Prize winner Pyotr Kapitsa. However, so far no theory has become increasingly accepted.

Comment: The Chinese researchers' findings are interesting, but probably don't fully explain ball lightning phenomena. Mainstream scientists refuse to accept that their theories do not provide very good explanations for all sorts of atmospheric phenomena, from noctilucent clouds and lightning to hurricanes and tornadoes. Electric universe theory, however, provides rational, intelligible explanations for these phenomena, as Pierre Lescaudron and Laura Knight-Jadczyk show in their book, Earth Changes and the Human-Cosmic Connection. Ball lightning is probably no different.


Blackbox

Could low-frequency pulses in Earth's magnetic field forecast earthquakes?

San Andreas Fault
© John L. Wiley/Creative CommonsSeismic magnetism? The brief magnetic pulses observed prior to some moderate-sized earthquakes might be triggered by chemical bonds breaking in rocks under stress (such as those deep beneath the San Andreas fault, shown).
In the days leading up to some recent moderate-sized earthquakes, instruments nearby have picked up brief low-frequency pulses in Earth's magnetic field. A few scientists have proposed that such pulses, which seemed to become stronger and more frequent just before the earthquakes occurred, could serve as an early warning sign for impending seismic activity. Now, a team has come up with a model for how these magnetic pulses might be generated, though some critics say they may have a human made origin.

Brief fluctuations in Earth's magnetic field have been detected before many earthquakes in the past 50 years, says Friedemann Freund, a crystallographer at San Jose State University in California.

For example, in the weeks before a magnitude-5.4 quake struck about 15 kilometers northeast of San Jose in October 2007, an instrument near the epicenter sensed a number of unusual magnetic pulses, presumably emanating from deep in the Earth. (The largest of them measured 30 nanoteslas, which is about 1/100,000th the typical strength of the planet's magnetic field measured at Earth's surface.) Those blips became more frequent as the day of the earthquake approached, Freund says.

More recently, prior to several medium- to moderate-sized quakes in Peru, two sensitive magnetometers recorded the same sort of pulses.

Robot

Chatty robot friend?

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© AFP/Getty
Man's best friend may soon be a humanoid, a computerized robot, capable of determining its owner's mood and feelings and offering a modicum of emotional comfort in return.

With no further introduction, meet "Pepper," described by its creators as "The World's First Personal Robot That Reads Emotions." Its creators are Japan-based SoftBank Mobile Corporation and its French subsidiary Aldebaran Robotics SAS, a manufacturer of humanoid robotics. If corporations are people, then yes, Pepper has two parents.

Pepper will be available for sale and empathy in Japan from SoftBank Mobile in February 2015. The price may not provide much comfort; anticipated retail stands at the equivalent of $1,900, still cheaper than a shrink. Plans for sale outside Japan are not yet determined.

But, you ask, what will Pepper do for me? Well, he is programmed to make people happy. He won't do your dishes or reupholster your furniture, but he will provide companionship, engagement, personal growth and some life-quality-enhancing services.

Comment: Related...

Why there will be a robot uprising

Hedonistic robots could destroy humanity


Better Earth

First video of life on Arctic sea ice from a polar bear point of view


The first video of life on Arctic sea ice from a polar bear point of view has been released by the US Geological Survey. The agency on Friday released a clip recorded by a camera attached to the collar of a female polar bear without cubs in the Beaufort Sea north of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. The necks of polar bear males are wider than their heads and collars slide off.

The clip shows the bear pursuing a seal under water, dunking a frozen seal into seawater and interacting with a male who might be a suitor.

Meteor

The one that misses: Huge 'Beast' asteroid flying by Earth (VIDEO)

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© (AFP Photo / NASA)An artist's illustration that shows a massive asteroid belt in orbit around a star the same age and size as our Sun.
A massive asteroid roughly the size of an entire football stadium that was discovered only months ago is passing by the Earth this week, with professional and amateur astronomers alike having the best chance to watch the flyover on Thursday.

Officially named Asteroid 2014 HQ124, the giant hunk of space mass has been nicknamed the Beast because, at an estimated size of over 1,000 feet wide, it is roughly the size of a Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. Initial estimates guessed that the body's diameter was between 400 to 900 meters (1,312 to 2,953 feet), although NASA's NEOWISE has determined the Beast is closer to 325 meters. (The meteor that exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia measured between 17 to 20 meters in diameter.)

An object of such size could obviously pose a huge threat to Earth, although the Beast will fly no closer to the planet than 3.2 lunar distances (roughly equivalent to 716,500 miles). It would only take an object of about 100 feet wide to be destructive to Earth, according to Wired magazine.

Moon

Earth-shattering chemical fingerprints of the Mars-sized body impactor found on the moon

Impactor
© CorbisArtist's depiction of a Mars-sized body hitting Earth in the solar system's early history.
Scientists have found telltale chemical fingerprints of the Mars-sized body that is believed to have crashed into baby Earth, pulverizing itself into debris that later formed the moon.

Evidence for the so-called giant impact theory comes from studies of oxygen isotopes in Apollo moon samples.

"We have developed a technique that guarantees perfect separation" of oxygen isotopes from other trace gases, lead researcher Daniel Herwartz, with the University of Cologne in Germany, wrote in an email to Discovery News.

The team studied several lunar meteorites and three basalt rock samples brought back by the crews of the Apollo 11, Apollo 12 and Apollo 16 missions, which took place between 1969 and 1972.

"We also had soil samples from NASA, but this material is not ideal for determining the bulk oxygen isotopic composition of the moon, as lunar soil may be contaminated by micrometeorites and the like," Herwartz said.

The scientists were seeking evidence of Theia, a mysterious Mars-sized object that is believed to have crashed into Earth about 4.5 billion years ago, sending a cloud of debris into space that later reformed into the moon.

Most computer models predict that between 70 percent and 90 percent of the moon is Theia, which, like most planets in the solar system, should have a unique isotopic composition. If the moon was mostly Theia, scientists believe it would have a slightly different chemical makeup than Earth.