Mallory Moench and Simmone Shah
TimeThu, 16 Nov 2023 15:33 UTC
© Getty ImagesOsama bin Laden's "Letter to America" has found a new audience.
Two decades ago, Osama bin Laden,
the Al-Qaeda leader behind 9/11, laid out his attempted justification for the terror attack against the U.S. that killed nearly 3,000 people
in his "Letter to America."
This week, that same letter went viral on TikTok among a new generation, many of whom are debating the Israel-Hamas war and
the role played by the U.S. For some, a big part of bin Laden's justification — American support for Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories in what the U.N. deems a
violation of international law — resonates with what's going on now in the Middle East, leading them to renew calls for a
Gaza ceasefire.
In one video (which was still live on the app as of Thursday afternoon) with more than 900,000 views, a TikToker made the claim that "everything we learned about the Middle East, 9/11, and 'terrorism' was a lie." Others on social media have criticized the videos as sympathizing with terrorists and legitimizing violence.
In a statement posted on X Thursday, TikTok said, "Content promoting this letter clearly violates our rules on supporting any form of terrorism. We are proactively and aggressively removing this content and investigating how it got onto our platform."The company also says that the content did not reflect a widespread trend, but rather a few posts on the platform. "The number of videos on TikTok is small and reports of it trending on our platform are inaccurate. This is not unique to TikTok and has appeared across multiple platforms and the media."
Views on videos shared with the hashtag #lettertoamerica had over 14 million views on Thursday, CNN reported, but as of Thursday afternoon the phrase could not be searched on the app due to guideline violations.This isn't the first time TikTok has faced controversy for what's been shared on the app. The company has responded to Republican criticism that the platform was biased toward pro-Palestinian content by pointing to polling that shows younger people are more sympathetic to Palestinians.While tens of thousands of people recently
publicly showed their support for Israel in the U.S. and
condemned anti-Semitisim in France, hundreds of thousands
have taken to the streets in pro-Palestinian protests around the world, calling for a ceasefire to protect civilians in Gaza, since the start of the war on Oct. 7.
Bin Laden's letter appeared to go viral after TikTokers found
a translated copy published by
The Guardian in 2002, although the news site
removed the letter on Nov. 15.
The Guardian told TIME in an emailed statement on Nov. 16 that after the transcript was widely shared on social media without the full context "we have decided to take it down and direct readers to the news article that originally contextualized it instead."The letter argues a justification for the killing of civilians, referencing reports of American and other government-sponsored violence against Muslims in the Palestinian territories, Somalia, Chechnya, Kashmir and
Lebanon, and economic sanctions in Iraq
that left people hungry.The letter also accuses the U.S. of hypocrisy for allowing Israel to occupy Palestinian territories for decades in disregard of United Nations' law and for violating its own law by imprisoning people in Guantanamo Bay without charges or trials.
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TikTok removed the hashtag #lettertoamerica from its search function after videos about Osama bin Laden's 2002 "Letter to America" went viral on the platform and were re-uploaded to the social media platform X. Some social media users suggested that the Al Qaeda founder's document gives an alternative perspective about the U.S.' involvement in conflicts in the Middle East.
Throughout the week, TikTok users had been sharing the link to The Guardian's transcript of bin Laden's letter, which was written about a year after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, which killed nearly 3,000 people in the U.S. The Guardian took the letter down from its website Wednesday.
In the letter, bin Laden addressed the American people and sought to answer the following questions: "Why are we fighting and opposing you?" and "What are we calling you to, and what do we want from you?" The letter includes antisemitic language and homophobic rhetoric.
The virality of the letter has reignited criticism of the platform, which is owned by China's ByteDance. The app has faced mounting scrutiny in the last year as the U.S. and other countries argue it poses a threat to national security. Since Hamas' Oct. 7 attack on Israel, critics of the app have alleged that it is using its influence to push content that is anti-Israel and contrary to U.S. foreign policy interests. TikTok has said the allegations of bias are baseless.
Researchers at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, which studies extremism on social media, said they found 41 "Letter to America" videos on TikTok. While TikTok has now blocked "Letter to America" from within its search function, videos referring to "Letter to America" are still easily accessible under the search term "Bin Laden," the institute said in its findings.
Bin Laden's letter condemns U.S. support for Israel and accuses Americans of aiding the oppression of Palestinian people. Bin Laden, who was killed in a U.S. special operation in Pakistan in 2011, also denounced U.S. interventions in Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Kashmir, Chechnya and Lebanon.
People online have used bin Laden's words as a springboard for discussion about American foreign policy in the Middle East. Several have said it caused them to re-evaluate their beliefs around the U.S. wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. While people were critical of U.S. involvement in global conflicts, many clarified that they were not praising or defending bin Laden's orchestration of the 9/11 attacks.
Those on the platform citing the letter encouraged people to read it, saying that doing so helped them better understand the U.S.' interventions in the Middle East and the Israel-Hamas war. The videos have also gone viral on X, where some renewed calls for TikTok to be banned.
While the letter has been re-uploaded on TikTok, numerous videos discussing it were removed. TikTok spokesperson Ben Rathe said in an email that videos featuring the letter violate the platform's community guidelines.
"Content promoting this letter clearly violates our rules on supporting any form of terrorism," Rathe said. "We are proactively and aggressively removing this content and investigating how it got onto our platform. The number of videos on TikTok is small and reports of it trending on our platform are inaccurate. This is not unique to TikTok and has appeared across multiple platforms and the media."
A viral X post from journalist Yashar Ali highlighting the videos received 25.6 million views. That brought more attention to the TikTok discourse. TikTok said that the number of videos about the letter was small but that interest was magnified after they were posted to X.
Ali told The Washington Post that the hashtag was not trending on TikTok when he made his compilation, but he said the number of videos posted on the platform was "not small enough to be minuscule or not important."
In its research, the Institute for Strategic Dialogue said references to bin Laden on X jumped more than 4,300%, from Tuesday to Thursday, from just over 5,000 to more than 230,000. References to "Letter to America" jumped more than 1,800%, from just over 4,800 to 100,000, with 719 million impressions across the platform.
On YouTube, searches for bin Laden also jumped 400% from Tuesday to Thursday, according to Google Trends. Instagram's autosuggest function in search assisted users in finding "Letter to America," listing it as a "popular search."
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