© UIT/AKMA3A new volcano has been discovered by scientists in the Barents Sea. The volcano rests inside a crater which is approximately 300m wide and 25m deep. The Borealis Mud Volcano, which is ca 7 meters in diameter and 2.5 meters high, continuously emits fluids rich in methane.
"Seeing an underwater mud eruption in real time reminded me how "alive" our planet is," says Professor Giuliana Panieri, expedition leader and Principal Investigator of the AKMA project.
The volcano has been named The Borealis Mud Volcano.
Climate gas
The newly discovered volcano rests inside a crater which is approximately 300m wide and 25m deep and is most likely the result of a catastrophic, natural blow out that abruptly released massive methane just after the last glaciation period, 18,000 years ago.
© UIT/GOOGLEMap of where the volcano was discovered south of Bear Island in the Barents Sea.
This discovery will help scientists understand the potential impact of localized but persistent in-time phenomena on the global methane budget and its impacts on the ecosystems.
Professor Panieri said: "We do not exclude the possibility of discovering other mud volcanoes in the Barents Sea. It is only thanks to collaborative team teamwork and advanced technology that these results can be achieved. "
© PrivateProfessor Giuliana Panieri, Department of Geology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway.
Only one other mud volcano in existence in Norwegian waters, the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano, that was discovered in 1995. The Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano lies at 1250m deep on the seafloor south of Svalbard at 72°N.
These peculiar volcanos are direct windows into the Earth's interior since they erupt predominantly water and fine sediments from depths of several hundred meters to few kilometres providing a window into past environments.
"Understanding the evolution and the fluids' composition help us comprehend their potential impact on the global methane budget and can inform about what happens on other planets," Panieri says.
The crater where the volcano was found hosts a rich community of seabed life, thriving on the steep flanks of carbonate crusts formed several thousands of years ago. This unique habitat includes sea anemones, sponges, carnivorous sponges, sea stars, corals, sea spiders and crustaceans. Within the crater, there are also areas of extensive bacteria mats and tube worms.
Professor Stefan Buenz, expedition co-leader, said: "Exploring the ocean floor and discovering new methane seeps is like finding hidden treasures. It's full of surprises. We have found thousands of seeps. Yet, every time we go down to the ocean floor, we come away with a feeling that we are just beginning to understand the vastness and incredible diversity of seep systems."
Refuge from human impacts
Science Director of Ocean Census and REV Ocean, Alex Rogers, an expedition participant, said: "During this expedition we have discovered that these blow-out craters are unique refuges from human impacts like trawling for fragile marine animals such as corals and sponges."
"It has been an honour to be part of this very international team of students and scientists. I joined the expedition to operate a new real-time methane instrument, but it has been incredible to explore these beautiful habitats," says Beckett Colson, WHOI postdoctoral investigator.
"As a student that studied and saw mud volcanoes only on land, seeing one on the seafloor was an amazing experience. You could sense the surprise, the excitement, the happiness spreading from the team the exact moment we saw it on screen. My first thought was, "I want to go down there, stick my arm in it!" says Irene Viola, an Erasmus student at UiT.
It says that several geological processes are now in operation that requires heat and can result in emissions of gases that have proven catastrophic for planet Earth in its past history.
Times are a changing and humanity needs to take note of such sign posts.