Science & TechnologyS

Telescope

Asteroid fear: Gaia satellite sent into space to monitor blind zone between sun and Earth

A state of the art satellite is being sent into space to monitor the blind zone between the Earth and the sun to warn of incoming asteroids.

Image
© PHThe new satellite will warn of impending asteroids
Astronomers have previously not been able to spot asteroids in the 'blind zone' due to radiation from the sun blocking information.

But now The European Space Agency intends to launch the Gaia Space Telescope with its key task being to monitor the area between the Earth and the sun and warn of any impending collisions.

One recent asteroid which could have been spotted as it travelled through the 'blind zone' months before it collided with the Earth, was that of the Russian asteroid of February this year which caused a spectacular fireball before smashing into Chelyabinsk, 900 miles east of Russia.

Gerry Gilmore, professor of experimental philosophy at Cambridge University's Institute of Astronomy told the Sunday Times: "Gaia will measure all the asteroids including those between us and the sun which are the really nasty ones because we can't see them."

Comet 2

Outburst of comet C/2012 X1 (LINEAR)

Cbet No. 3674, issued on 2013 October 21, reports an outburst in brightness of comet C/2012 X1 (LINEAR). The magnitude of the comet was measured by H. Sato on on Oct. 20.5 to be total mag 8.5 (as measured within a circular aperture of diameter 85".2) with a brighter center about 10" across. The predicted H_10 magnitude for C/2012 X1 (LINEAR) would be around 14 now.

We performed follow-up measurements of this object on 2013 October 21.51. Below you can see our image of this comet, stacking of 3x20-seconds unfiltered exposures, obtained remotely from MPC code H06 (iTelescope Observatory, New Mexico) through a 0.50-m f/6.8 astrograph + CCD + f/4.5 focal reducer. At the moment of the imaging session, the comet was just +16 degree above the horizon and the Sun was -11 degree. Click on it for a bigger version.
Comet C/2012 X1
© Remanzacco Observatory
Below you can see an elaboration of the original image with the MCM filter. This filter creates an artificial coma, based on the photometry of the original image, and subtract the original image itself in order to highlight the internal zones of different brightness that are very close to the inner core and that would normally be hidden from the diffuse glow of the comet.

Comet

New Comet: P/2013 T1 (PanSTARRS)

Discovery Date: October 5, 2013

Magnitude: 21.8 mag

Discoverer: Pan-STARRS 1 telescope (Haleakala)

P/2013 T1 (PanSTARRS)
© Aerith NetMagnitudes Graph
The orbital elements are published on M.P.E.C. 2013-T110.

Comet 2

New Comet: C/2013 TW5 (Spacewatch)

Discovery Date: October 3, 2013

Magnitude: 19.6 mag

Discoverer: T. H. Bressi (Spacewatch)
C/2013 TW5
© Aerith NetMagnitudes Graph
The orbital elements are published on M.P.E.C. 2013-T115.

Frog

New aquatic species discovered in Brazil

Arapaima leptosoma
For more than 200 years, skeptics have been announcing the end of the great age of species discovery - and the end, in particular, for finding anything really big. But giant species somehow just keep showing up.

Now scientists are reporting the discovery of a river monster, Arapaima leptosoma, in Brazil's Amazonas State. It's a new species, described from a single specimen measuring 33 inches from head to tail, in a genus that can grow to almost 10 feet and weigh up to 440 pounds.

Arapaima, also commonly known as pirarucu, is a genus of air-breathing fish that inhabit creeks and backwaters in and around the Amazon basin. They live by crushing other fish between their large bony tongue and the roof of the mouth. People prize them both for their tasty flesh and for their handsome scales, which tourists (including this writer) used to carry home incorporated in handsome necklaces and other folk art. But these huge fish are now badly overharvested, in part because it's so easy to harpoon them when they come to surface to breathe. Arapaima gigas, for example, is listed as endangered under the Conventional on International Trade in Endangered Species, or CITES.

Info

NSA-proofing your passwords

passwords
© mindfulsecurity.com
Silent Circle has a password test - you don't need to sign up to test a password in the upper right. Note that longer passphrases, even if they are only lower case characters, are tougher to crack than shorter passwords with all sorts of numbers and non-characters.

Examples:

8 Character Randomized Password: T0u%p@s5 Time to crack: 14 minutes

17 Character Passphrase: rockwell is right Time to crack: 4 Days

26 Character Passphrase: The Country Is Not The Government! Time to crack: centuries

Even with a passphrase take the extra security step and modify it with an algorithm you derive for every site. That way if a site is storing or transmitting passwords in cleartext (both big no-no's but it happens), your password will not be known for all sites.

Eye 1

Solar drones to stay aloft for years at a time

DARPA's Vulture Program
© BoeingBoeing 400-foot prototype Solar Eagle
Even as the debate intensifies over the scope of drone warfare and surveillance, significant upgrades continue and the drone industry booms. Recently we have seen the Navy successfully test autonomous drone takeoffs and landings at sea, while Boeing has begun to retrofit its decommissioned F-16s into pilotless fighter jets.

This trend toward a future of autonomous fleets of large-scale war fighters is developing in tandem with the trend toward miniaturization and the mimicking of nature itself to hide drone tech in plain sight.

The latest developments focus on ways to not only get new drone models aloft via remote control, or through their own autonomous decisions, but how to keep them there for as long as possible - perhaps even permanently.

Laptop

The darkest place on the internet isn't just for criminals

Darknet
© Illustration: Edel Rodriguez
Vile though their crimes may be, pedophiles and hit men have figured out something vital when it comes to communicating. Lots of them - the ones with any security sense - use a Darknet. These are networks of secretive websites that can't be viewed on the "regular" Internet.

Darknet sites are hosted on regular servers, but to access them you need special software, usually something that encrypts all users' traffic and allows them relative anonymity. Get set up with the right technology and presto: You can see a second, parallel Internet. Right now it's full of nasty (or, at the very least, illegal) activity like illicit drug or arms sales, or pedophile rings.

The Darknet is populated by precisely who you'd expect to be skulking in the darkest corners of the online world. They have something to hide.

But the Darknet, by itself, isn't evil. And now that all of us have, in a sense, something to hide - the details of our humdrum, legal, everyday lives - it's time to put the Darknet to good use.

Cow Skull

The new deadliest substance known to man is top secret (for now)

bacteria
© Shutterstock / Jezper
Scientists recently discovered a new type of botulinum toxin (a.k.a. botox) that they believe is the deadliest substance known to man. Because they've yet to discover an antitoxin, researchers won't publish the details of gene sequence due to security concerns - a first for the scientific community. Thank God.

When scientists say this stuff is deadly, they mean it. It takes an injection of just 2 billionths of a gram or inhaling 13 billionths of a gram to kill an adult. A spoonful of the stuff in a city's water supply could be catastrophic. The toxin, which comes from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, blocks the chemical that makes nerves work, causing botulism and death by paralysis. In a comment accompanying a newly published journal article on the new botox, Stanford Medical School professor David Relman said the substance posed "an immediate and unusually serious risk to society."

Arrow Up

Global frackdown! World prepares for protest against shale gas production

Image
© Spencer Platt/Getty Images/AFP

Anti-fracking and Keystone XL pipeline activists demonstrate in lower Manhattan on September 21, 2013 in New York City.
Thousands of people worldwide are expected to join the Global Frackdown protest on October 19. 'Fracktivists' from over 20 countries will gather to demand an end to fracking and "dangerous" shale gas drillings.

Numerous events are scheduled to take place mainly across the US and Europe. The global movement will be also joined by activists from Australia, New Zealand, Africa, and Indonesia. So far, a total 26 countries are listed to be taking part in the protest.

"Climate scientists warn that continued extraction and burning of fossil fuels will lead to catastrophic climate change," the Global Frackdown protest organizers said in press release.

Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is the extraction of oil and gas by injecting water to break rock formations deep underground.

Fracking a single well can require between two and nine million gallons of water combined with sand and chemicals. Much of the used water returns to the earth's surface, but contains radium and bromides - cancer-causing, radioactive substances. The toxic chemicals can then float into lakes and rivers or contaminate the ground.