Science of the SpiritS


Bulb

Spacing out and goofing off can open the door to creativity

relaxation beach mindfulness
© Washington Post
We believe that the opposite of focus— daydreaming, goofing off, spacing out— is to be avoided. Worse yet, having problems focusing is seen as an obstacle to overcome and even as pathological. Self-help books and productivity bloggers strive to keep us on task with advice and hacks.

When we fail to come up with the results we were hoping for, we wonder whether we just aren't working or concentrating hard enough. We've come to consider focus and being on as "good," and idleness— especially if it goes on for too long— as "bad" and unproductive. We feel guilty if we spend too much time doing nothing.

But in thinking this way, we make a fundamental mistake.

Truly successful people don't come up with great ideas through focus alone. They are successful because they make time to not concentrate and to engage in a broad array of activities like playing golf. As a consequence, they think inventively and are profoundly creative: they develop innovative solutions to problems and connect dots in brilliant ways. Dwight Eisenhower logged more hours on the golf course than any other U.S. president yet is also regarded as one of the best presidents this country has ever had.

In a time and age when everyone is over-scheduled and over-focused, creativity is more and more prized— it's the key to your effectiveness and success, in life and in business. It can also be a never- ending source of joy and happiness.

Here are three ways to "unfocus" for heightened creativity:

Comment: The Eiriu Eolas meditation program is an excellent way to use these principles. The exercises can be done any time anywhere, providing instant stress relief, and heightened creativity.


Family

Expand your world by facing your fears

snake
© Kool Cat's Photography/Flickr
Some fear is rational, keeping us appropriately cautious in the face of dangerous animals, hot stoves and contagions that could make us ill. But rational caution can turn to irrational panic about imagined terrors that are unlikely to occur or cause much actual damage if they did.

While we all face fears, phobias are intense fears that have become irrational. Common phobias include fears of falling, injections, animals, blood and flying, and social phobia.

Suma Chand, Ph.D., associate professor in the department of psychiatry at Saint Louis University and a clinical psychologist, helps patients with phobias that have begun to overtake their lives.

2 + 2 = 4

Stoking the motivational fire: Neuroscience guides the way

Motivation quote
As dawn breaks, Rob Young quietly ties the laces of his favorite running shoes, dons his distinctive kilt and hits the road to complete a marathon. Specifically, his 370th marathon in 365 days. Besides the mind-boggling 10,178 miles raced, thousands of dollars earned for charities, and shattering the world record for most finished marathons, Rob Young is exceptional in one simple regard: He doesn't give up. What drives him daily to push his body towards another 26.2-mile finish?

As an avid marathon runner myself and neuroscientist, I am compelled to understand how motivational fire is ignited and critically, which elements sustain it. Especially at the start of the new year, my thoughts turn to various resolutions. Whether your goal is to work out more or spend more time with family, chances are distractions and obligations will silently snuff the January motivation. Yet as it turns out, you only need to stoke two factors: attention and effort.

Comment: Groups motivated toward benefiting others perform better and are more cooperative


Flashlight

Cognitive Bias: How it shapes our reality

cognitive bias

Four in-built mechanisms that shape the way we perceive the world
Cognitive bias is the biggest self-imposed obstacle to progress, not only for oneself but in the end, for all mankind. - Unknown
On a beautiful Pittsburgh morning in 1995, McArthur Wheeler decided to rob a bank. Not just one bank, but two. McArthur had a secret plan, one that he thought would make him exceptionally successful. It involved something very sour, a lemon.

McArthur had just recently discovered the "invisible ink," a substance commonly used in elementary science class. Lemon juice, when used as ink on paper and dried, only appears visible when heated. Unfortunately for McArthur, his ingenious plan involved covering his face in lemon juice and then robbing two banks.

Comment: Read more about confirmation bias and why it is hard to change your mind:


Bulb

Secrets of genius: 7 key insights into creating a culture of innovation

signals in the brain
© agsandrew/Shutterstock
Genius, as much as the word is overused today, can be held to mean the ability to make leaps of innovation.

Rejecting older theories that said genius is a product of genetics alone, author Eric Weiner explains why living in a place and time that encourages the flourishing of genius is necessary too.

Weiner, a former foreign correspondent for NPR, wrote The Geography of Genius: A Search for the World's Most Creative Places, from Ancient Athens to Silicon Valley, to satisfy his curiosity as to why certain places and historical eras were more likely to produce large clusters of geniuses. And, of course, to learn what we, today, might do to make our own places more genius-friendly.

Comment: Further reading: Creative minds are wired differently than the rest of us


Evil Rays

Drowning in a sea of thought: Does schizophrenia suggest a filter theory of consciousness?

schizophrenic
© ViralnovaSeries of drawings by a schizophrenic illustrating how his perceptions changed as the episode became more severe. Image borrowed from this Viralnova page (http://www.viralnova.com/schizophrenic-art/), which includes other examples of schizophrenic art.
A new development in the study of schizophrenia could possibly be interpreted as providing support for the filter model of consciousness.

An NPR report tells us,
People with schizophrenia — more than 21 million worldwidetend to have less gray matter and fewer connections in their brain than healthy peers. But scientists aren't sure why. The research, for the first time, suggests that variations in a gene called complement component 4, or C4, for short, could be important. The gene had previously been known to help the immune system target infections.

A mutant form of the gene makes proteins that tag an excess number of brain synapses for destruction. This explanation meshes neatly with the tendency of schizophrenia to arise during adolescence, a period during which even healthy brains are busy pruning lots of connections.
What struck me about this story was the first sentence I quoted — that schizophrenics usually have "less gray matter and fewer connections in their brain" than other people. The new discovery suggests that a genetic malfunction causes the brain to clear away too many synaptic connections (a process called synaptic pruning).

Comment: Further reading: Scientists discover possible biological cause of schizophrenia that could lead to cure


Arrow Up

Kids can get big benefits from yoga

kids yoga
Kermit the Frog has a wonderful song - "It's Not Easy Being Green." And kids love this song because they can relate. After all, it's not easy being a kid today either. More and more is asked of them in school; they are hurried from one activity to the next; homework begins at much earlier grade levels now, and then there are all of the digital distractions that top off fully exhausting days and evenings.

It's Beginning to Show in the Classroom

Teachers are frustrated because attention spans seem to be so short and because they have to be entertainers if they want to engage learning in their classrooms. Parents worry that their kids won't pass the standardized state tests that often decide promotion to the next grade. So, they cart their kids to tutoring sessions, among all of the sports practices. Kids just don't have any non-stimulated time, and that is a huge concern. This is where yoga comes in.

Comment: Additional articles about the benefits of yoga for children:


Heart - Black

15 control tactics of difficult people

psychopath
© Unknown
"Some people try to be tall by cutting off the heads of others."

— Paramhansa Yogananda
Most of us come across difficult personalities at some points in our lives. These individuals may exist in our personal or professional environment. Being cognizant of control tactics used by challenging people can make the difference between awareness versus ignorance, and mastery versus victimhood.

Below is a list of fifteen controlling tactics difficult people often use to maneuver others into positions of disadvantage, excerpted from my book: "How to Successfully Handle Aggressive, Intimidating, and Controlling People". Not everyone who acts in the following manners may be deliberately trying to control you. Some people simply have very poor habits. Regardless, it's important to recognize these behaviors in situations where your rights, interests and safety are at stake.

Comment: Further reading:
The need to control others may not make a lot of sense to you. If you're a live-and-let-live person, you'd never want to control someone else. Even if you're a perfectionist, you stay on your own case all day, not necessarily someone else's.

But controllers are out there. They want to micromanage what you say, how you act, even what you think quietly in your own mind. It could be your boss, your spouse, or even your parent. You can't be yourself around them. They insist on being your top priority and want undue influence over your life. They might push your buttons to get an emotional reaction out of you because they want to exploit it as weakness. They have no respect for you or your boundaries.

Understanding controlling people and how to protect yourself



Health

How self-observation and behavioral change drastically improved the lives of chronic pain patients

light controls muscles
© Jose-Luis Olivares/MIT
I have written before about the Alexander technique, an approach to teaching the chronic pain patient how to avoid destructive muscular and mental tension during the course of everyday living. The basis for even considering such an approach is the assumption that most of us are not as completely aware of our Self as we interact with, and attempt to impact, the world beyond our skin. Alexander believed that those of us who use our musculature inappropriately, over time, will lose the fine art of sensory appreciation of the world, which ultimately causes those so afflicted to suffer pain more easily and chronically, and may leave them somewhat emotionally muted when it comes to the most daily communications with our fellow humans.

Forget about the deeper nuances of relationships.

Examples of repeated misuse of musculature include standing with one's weight unevenly distributed, holding one's head at an unnatural angle (as many of us do when showing others that we are listening), or just walking with an inefficient gait. Alexander set out to right these psychophysical wrongs: fixing physical and psychological wounds, by patching up the physical defects first.

Comment: Further reading:
Many years ago I took lessons from an Alexander teacher on the "Alexander Technique". It is a form of posture therapy that is popular among musicians and actors, since it is so important for their craft to maintain good posture.

But have you ever considered that body posture pertains not only to our bodies but also to our psyches — our feelings, our thoughts, even our energy bodies? As I point out in Active Consciousness, the spiritual teacher G.I. Gurdjieff was well aware of the relationship between posture and the Self. As he said, "Every race... every nation, every epoch, every country, every class, every profession, has its own definite number of postures and movements... A man is unable to change the form of his thinking or his feeling until he has changed his repertory of postures and movements."

Want to improve your self awareness? Correct your posture



Bulb

Most creative and innovative teams have prior shared experiences but diverse knowledge and skills

creativity, innovation
What spurs creativity? A Columbia sociologist studied the teams behind 12,422 video games released worldwide from 1979, when the gaming industry started, to 2009, and found the most innovative teams were built around diverse experiences and knowledge. David Stark, the Arthur Lehman Professor of Sociology, found that the most effective teams were comprised of people who had experience working together but different knowledge and skills. His findings, which can be applied to many types of teams -- businesspeople, scientists, economists, musicians, engineers and more -- show that prior social interactions enable groups to avoid intractable conflict while diverse expertise helps them avoid the pitfalls of "groupthink."

In other words, the cognitive distance of diversity creates a friction -- a productive friction in teams in which some members of the group had previously worked together. "It is this uneasy fit, a lack of harmony, which is innovative," said Stark. "It is a mobilization of productive tension to create something exceptional. Misunderstandings and breakdowns in communication can be as important as a smooth exchange of ideas."

Comment: