Science & TechnologyS


Galaxy

First-of-its-kind 'quantum tornado' achieves record-breaking black hole mimicry

quantum tornado mimic black hole physics
© Leonardo SolidoroQuantum vortex in superfluid helium experiment.
A superfluid vortex controlled in a lab is helping physicists learn more about the behavior of black holes.

A whirlpool generated in helium cooled to just a fraction above absolute zero mimics the gravitational environment of these objects to such high precision that it's giving unprecedented insight into how they drag and warp the space-time around them.

"Using superfluid helium has allowed us to study tiny surface waves in greater detail and accuracy than with our previous experiments in water," explains physicist Patrik Švančara of the University of Nottingham in the UK, who led the research.

"As the viscosity of superfluid helium is extremely small, we were able to meticulously investigate their interaction with the superfluid tornado and compare the findings with our own theoretical projections."

Robot

Nvidia's Project GR00T will soon make the era of humanoid robots a reality

project gr00t humanoid robot
Nvidia, the tech company that has been shattering stock market records for fun, has announced a new project that will bring the world a step closer to humanoid robots. The project is called GR00T (Generalist Robot 00 Technology).

At the Nvidia GTC 2024, the company announced that it will help create a new generation of robots that will be smarter and more efficient than ever.
What makes this an interesting venture is that the robots will learn from the humans - the way they move, talk and think will be learned by observing us.

Comment: And apparently Bezos is involved. There's an obvious interest for him to replace all those workers, with their pesky bathroom breaks and human rights, with uncomplaining efficient robots. But one can't help but wonder if this bold new future will more resemble the Jetsons or Blade Runner (or I Robot, or Terminator, or The Matrix...).

See also:


Info

Giant ancient volcano discovered on Mars

Ancient Volcano Mars
© Background: NASA / USGS; interpretation and annotations by Pascal Lee and Sourabh ShubhamThe newly discovered giant volcano on Mars is located just south of the planet’s equator, in eastern Noctis Labyrinthus, west of the Valles Marineris canyone system. The volcano sits on the eastern edge of a broad regional topographic rise called Tharsis, home to three other well-known giant volcanoes: Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons. Although more eroded and lower than these giants, the newly discovered volcano rivals the others in diameter (red dashed circle).
It's not every day that a giant volcano is discovered hiding in plain sight. By reviewing satellite imagery from many missions, scientists have spotted the remains of a colossal volcano on Mars. The volcano, provisionally named Noctis Mons, had been imaged repeatedly since the early 1970s, but extensive erosion had concealed it from view. Researchers have also spotted hints at an adjacent glacier buried underneath the volcanic slopes.

Noctis Mons is located near the Martian equator, in the eastern part of the Tharsis volcanic province, sandwiched between the vast canyons of Valles Marineris and the fractured maze-like terrain of Noctis Labyrinthus. "In fact, it is eastern Noctis Labyrinthus that is the volcano," says planetary scientist Pascal Lee (SETI Institute and the Mars Institute) who announced the finding during the 55th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas. The discovery adds yet another landmark to this intriguing region.

Arrow Down

Climate Superheroes plan to rescue Arctic with 10 million wind powered pumps

Brave researchers have decided to save the world by pumping seawater onto ice sheets in the depths of winter. They are struggling through -30C windy conditions somewhere off the top end of Canada. Their plan is to thicken the ice so it will survive longer in summer, thus presumably raising the albedo of Earth.

For some reason the dedicated team at the BBC don't mention what energy source drives the pump. I wonder where that cord goes?

Saving the Ice!
© joannenova.co.au
Could the cord go to a diesel gen, sitting on arctic ice, snipped out of the photo?

If it was a solar panel, we know they would have told us.

Telescope

Betelgeuse's wild surface may be reason scientists thought it was spinning twice as fast as it should be

betelgeuse
© Ma et al., ApJL, 2024A comparison of the simulation with the data from ALMA.
There's something peculiar about dying star Betelgeuse.

Yeah, there was the whole sneeze thing. That's been pretty much resolved for now. But before the Great Dimming Debacle of 2019, scientists spotted something even more peculiar about the giant star. Radio measurements of its changing light suggested it was rotating at 5 kilometers (3.1 miles) per second.

The big problem with that is that stars of Betelgeuse's vintage should, theoretically, have a maximum rotation speed at least two orders of magnitude lower. So, astronomers wonder, what the heck gives?

Well, according to new research, it may have been a big old tricksy-doodle. A team led by astrophysicist Jing-Ze Ma of the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Germany has found that Betelgeuse's boiling surface could be so riotous that it generates an illusion of fast rotation.

Comment: Betelgeuse isn't the only unusual or surprising discovery in space of late:


Target

China publishing list exposing 'untrustworthy' scientific journals

china library
© Yang Qing/Imago via AlamyThe National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing.
China has a list of suspect journals and it's just been updated. Nature talks to the librarian behind China's Early Warning Journal List about how it is compiled each year.
China has updated its list of journals that are deemed to be untrustworthy, predatory or not serving the Chinese research community's interests. Called the Early Warning Journal List, the latest edition, published last month, includes 24 journals from about a dozen publishers. For the first time, it flags journals that exhibit misconduct called citation manipulation, in which authors try to inflate their citation counts.

Yang Liying studies scholarly literature at the National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Beijing. She leads a team of about 20 researchers who produce the annual list, which was launched in 2020 and relies on insights from the global research community and analysis of bibliometric data.

Comment: See also: Academic journal forced to retract peer-reviewed AI-generated paper after 'rat penis' pics go viral

And check out SOTT radio's: MindMatters: Follow the Science? A Peek Behind the Curtain of Institutional Science




Nebula

JWST confirms there is something seriously wrong with our understanding of the universe

Illustration of the expansion of the Universe big bang
© Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library via Getty ImagesIllustration of the expansion of the Universe.
Depending on where we look, the universe is expanding at different rates. Now, scientists using the James Webb and Hubble space telescopes have confirmed that the observation is not down to a measurement error.

Astronomers have used the James Webb and Hubble space telescopes to confirm one of the most troubling conundrums in all of physics — that the universe appears to be expanding at bafflingly different speeds depending on where we look.

This problem, known as the Hubble Tension, has the potential to alter or even upend cosmology altogether. In 2019, measurements by the Hubble Space Telescope confirmed the puzzle was real; in 2023, even more precise measurements from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) cemented the discrepancy.

Now, a triple-check by both telescopes working together appears to have put the possibility of any measurement error to bed for good. The study, published February 6 in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, suggests that there may be something seriously wrong with our understanding of the universe.

Info

'New star' as bright as the North Star will ignite in the sky this year

A nova outburst visible to the naked eye is expected to decorate the night sky this year with a "new star" that will briefly become as bright as the North Star, offering a once-in-a-lifetime stargazing opportunity.

C-shaped Corona Borealis constellation
© NASAHow to find the C-shaped Corona Borealis constellation, located between Boötes and Hercules.
A nova outburst visible to the naked eye is expected to decorate the night sky this year, offering a rare skywatching opportunity.

The star system offering us this opportunity is known as T Coronae Borealis (T CrB). It's located some 3,000 light-years away from Earth and consists of a red giant star and a white dwarf that orbit each other. When the white dwarf steals enough stellar material from its red giant companion, it ignites a brief flash of nuclear fusion on its surface, triggering what is known as a nova outburst.

The outburst will be visible in the constellation Corona Borealis, also known as the Northern Crown, which forms a semicircle of stars. The outburst is expected to occur between February and September 2024 and appear as bright as the North Star in our night sky for no longer than a week before fading again, NASA officials said in a statement.

"This could be a once-in-a-lifetime viewing opportunity as the nova outburst only occurs about every 80 years," NASA officials said in the statement.

This recurrent nova, which last exploded in 1946, is just one of five observed within the Milky Way galaxy. To spot the outburst, viewers should point their gaze to Corona Borealis, which lies between the constellations Boötes and Hercules. The outburst will appear as a bright "new" star in the night sky.

Microscope 2

The process of cellular self-destruction may be ancient. But why?

cell death
© Allison Li for Quanta MagazineApoptosis is inherently self-destructive, and yet it’s an essential and productive process in complex organisms. Recent research traces its genetic origins to single-celled bacteria.
How did cells evolve a process to end their own lives? Recent research suggests that apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, first arose billions of years ago in bacteria with a primitive sociality.

It can be hard to tell, at first, when a cell is on the verge of self-destruction.

It appears to be going about its usual business, transcribing genes and making proteins. The powerhouse organelles called mitochondria are dutifully churning out energy. But then a mitochondrion receives a signal, and its typically placid proteins join forces to form a death machine.

They slice through the cell with breathtaking thoroughness. In a matter of hours, all that the cell had built lies in ruins. A few bubbles of membrane are all that remains.

"It's really amazing how fast, how organized it is," said Aurora Nedelcu, an evolutionary biologist at the University of New Brunswick who has studied the process in algae.

Comment:


Info

Icy impactor might explain the formation of Mar's moons

In a new study, scientists suggest an impact with a giant icy object could explain the sizes and orbits of Mars's moons, Phobos and Deimos.

Mar's Impact
© Université Paris Diderot / Labex UnivEarthSAnrtist's rendering shows the giant collision on Mars that might have led to the formation of its moons, Phobos and Deimos. New simulations suggest the impactor may have been icy. At the time, Mars was young, and might have had a thicker atmosphere and liquid water on its surface.
The origin of Mars's two enigmatic moons, Phobos and Deimos, is a mystery. Their irregular shapes, dark surfaces, and peculiar orbits have fueled two main theories: They might be asteroids that strayed too close to Mars and were captured. Or perhaps the moons instead coalesced from debris launched to orbit after giant impactor struck the Red Planet.

New research presented at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas, adds a cool twist to the latter idea by suggesting that the impactor was made mostly of water ice. The idea, presented by Courteney Monchinski (Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan), eliminates some of the problems that have plagued the giant-impact scenario.