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Heidelberg Man Links Humans, Neanderthals

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© Silvana CondemiWhile many eyes are on Heidelberg Man as being the likely common ancestor to Neanderthals and our species, the jury is still out as to where that pivotal evolution took place.
The last common ancestor of humans and Neanderthals was a tall, well-traveled species called Heidelberg Man, according to a new PLoS One study.

The determination is based on the remains of a single Heidelberg Man (Homo heidelbergensis) known as "Ceprano," named after the town near Rome, Italy, where his fossil -- a partial cranium -- was found.

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Repugnant plant not really a plant at all, but still mysterious

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"Starfish stinkhorn", Aseroe rubra
Shocking, vile, outrageous, repellent, bizarre or just plain gross - take your pick of any number of adjectives for this thing. The scientific name may be translated as "disgusting" and "red."

Of course, it is not a plant at all, but a fungus. This week's mystery may not be a plant, but it is still mysterious! (At one time, all organisms on earth were presumed to be either plant or animal, but considerable scientific research has modified this scheme to include other groups. Although they are not true plants, the study of fungi remains a component of botany.)

Our fungus is one of the fascinating members of the stinkhorn group, which are related to familiar mushrooms and puffballs. All of the stinkhorns are characterized by producing a strong odor at the time their spores are shed, and this one is no exception.

Einstein

I control therefore I am: chimps self-aware, says study

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arge

File photo of three female chimpanzees at the Taronga Zoo in Sydney

The findings, reported in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, challenge assumptions about the boundary between human and non-human, and shed light on the evolutionary origins of consciousness, the researchers said.

Earlier research had demonstrated the capacity of several species of primates, as well as dolphins, to recognize themselves in a mirror, suggesting a fairly sophisticated sense of self.

The most common experiment consisted of marking an animal with paint in a place -- such as the face -- that it could only perceive while looking at its reflection.

If the ape sought to touch or wipe off the mark while facing a mirror, it showed that the animal recognised itself.

Beaker

HBOC201: The synthetic blood that saved Australian woman's life

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© Craig BorrowA last-ditch effort to save Mrs Coakley's life led to 10 units of the haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, called HBOC-201 to be flown in from the US

An Australian woman's life has been saved using a radical synthetic blood substitute made from cow plasma.

In a world first, doctors at The Alfred Hospital in Melbourne brought 33-year-old Tamara Coakley back from the brink after a car crash left her with severe blood loss and close to heart failure.

Her spinal cord was almost severed, her lungs collapsed, her skull was fractured, several ribs were broken, as were her cheekbone and an elbow, and her spleen was ruptured.

She was barely alive when she arrived at hospital.

"I had one litre of blood left in my body," she said.

In a last-ditch effort to save Ms Coakley's life, 10 units of the haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier HBOC201 were flown in from the US.

The synthetic contains a molecule derived from cow plasma and restored her levels of haemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the tissues.

Question

Oregon Woman Has Foreign Accent After Dental Surgery

Dental Tools
© RedOrbit
A 56-year-old Oregon woman awoke from sedation after dental implant surgery speaking in a British accent, in what some say may be a case of 'foreign accent syndrome' -- a rare, but very real, speech disorder.

Appearing Thursday on NBC's Today show, Karen Butler of Toledo, OR, described the accent as an odd mixture of Irish, Scottish and northern British, with perhaps a dash of Australian and South African.

"And I can't make it be something that it isn't. You can pretend to have a southern drawl and talk like John Wayne; I can't," she said.

"Whatever pops out of my mouth is what pops out."

"At first we assumed it was because of all of the swelling," Butler said during an interview with ABC news, referring to her initial symptoms following her surgery 18 months ago.

"But within a week the swelling went down and the accent stayed," she said.

Butler may have something known as foreign accent syndrome, a condition so uncommon that only 60 cases have been documented worldwide.

The disorder is often preceded by a minor stroke, with the new accent thought to derive from a minor injury to a tiny part of the brain responsible for language pattern and tone.

Telescope

Mars Express sees deep fractures on Mars

Mars Express Nili Fossae
© ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum)Nili Fossae is a graben system on Mars. It is found at 22°N / 77°E, northeast of the Syrtis Major volcanic province, on the northwestern edge of the giant Isidis impact basin. This image shows an area covering approximately 10,300 sq km. It was taken during orbit 5270, on Feb. 8, 2008, using the High-Resolution Stereo Camera on Mars Express.
Newly released images from ESA's Mars Express show Nili Fossae, a system of deep fractures around the giant Isidis impact basin. Some of these incisions into the martian crust are up to 500 m deep and probably formed at the same time as the basin.

Nili Fossae is a 'graben' system on Mars, northeast of the Syrtis Major volcanic province, on the northwestern edge of the giant Isidis impact basin. Graben refers to the lowered terrain between two parallel faults or fractures in the rocks that collapses when tectonic forces pull the area apart. The Nili Fossae system contains numerous graben concentrically oriented around the edges of the basin.

Saturn

Mysterious Space Force Finally ID'ed

Portuguese physicists report that they have identified the unknown force whose influence on outward bound interplanetary space probes has puzzled scientists since 1998.

Until now, theorists speculated that this "Pioneer anomaly," - affecting NASA's Pioneer 10 and 11 - is caused by unseen matter in space, the gravity of an unknown planet, or even new principles of physics: beyond even Einstein's theory of general relativity.

This anomaly is one of a long line of mysterious motions in our solar system, many of which were resolved when investigators discovered new objects or physical effects.

Case in point: In the 19th century, Uranus deviated from its calculated orbit and the gravity of an unknown planet was suggested as the cause. In 1846, the discovery of Neptune solved the mystery. Astronomers blamed a quirk in Mercury's orbit on the influence of undiscovered matter near the sun, perhaps in the form of a small planet, or on a problem with Newton's theory of gravity. The third suggestion panned out in 1915 - Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity - an advance beyond Newton, explained the Mercury effect.

Attention

Computer Scientists Induce Schizophrenia in a Neural Network, Causing it to Make Ridiculous Claims

Crazy Computer
© Jeanamann / PhotobucketCrazy Computer I'm afraid. I'm afraid, Dave. Dave, my mind is going. I can feel it. I can feel it. My mind is going. There is no question about it. I can feel it. I can feel it. I can feel it.

Researchers testing mental illness figured out how to induce schizophrenic symptoms in a computer, causing it to place itself at the center of crazy delusions, such as claiming responsibility for a terrorist bombing. The results bolster a hypothesis that claims faulty information processing can lead to schizophrenic symptoms.

Computer scientists at the University of Texas-Austin built a neural network called DISCERN, which is able to learn natural language. The humans taught it a series of simple stories, teaching it to store information as relationships between words and sentences - much the same way a person would learn a story.

Then they started again, but cranked up DISCERN's rate of learning - so it was assimilating words at a faster rate, and it was not ignoring as much noise in the data.

Some mental health experts believe schizophrenics cannot forget or ignore as much stimuli as they should, which makes it difficult to synthesize and process the correct information. This "hyperlearning" phenomenon causes schizophrenics to lose connections among individual stories, losing the distinction between reality and illusion. Dopamine is a key factor in the process of understanding and differentiating experiences.

Question

More Evidence of Liquid Erosion on Mars?

Terby Crater
© NASA / JPL / University of ArizonaPossible water-formed gullies cut through sedimentary layers in Terby Crater.

Terby Crater, a 170-km-wide (100-mile-wide) crater located on the northern edge of the vast Hellas Planitia basin in Mars' southern hemisphere, is edged by variable-toned layers of sedimentary rock - possibly laid down over millennia of submersion beneath standing water. This image (false-color) from the HiRISE camera aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows a portion of Terby's northern wall with what clearly looks like liquid-formed gullies slicing through the rock layers, branching from the upper levels into a main channel that flows downward, depositing a fan of material at the wall's base.

But, looks can be deceiving...

Dry processes - especially on Mars, where large regions have been bone-dry for many millions of years - can often create the same effects on the landscape as those caused by running water. Windblown Martian sand and repetitive dry landslides can etch rock in much the same way as liquid water, given enough time. But the feature seen above in Terby seem to planetary scientists to be most likely the result of liquid erosion... especially considering that the sedimentary layers themselves seem to contain clay materials, which only form in the presence of liquid water. Is it possible that some water existed beneath Mars' surface long after the planet's surface dried out? Or that it's still there? Only future exploration will tell for sure.

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For Mysterious Downed Plane, Call Woods Hole

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© APIn this June 8, 2009 file photo released by Brazil's Air Force, Brazil's Navy sailors recover debris from the missing Air France Flight 447 in the Atlantic Ocean.

In June 2009, Air France Flight 447 crashed into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Brazil. All 228 people on-board died. Nearly two years later, authorities have no idea why the plane went down.

Yet.

David Gallo, a researcher at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute on Cape Cod, hopes to change that. He was the co-leader of the team that found the sunken plane last month, nearly three miles below the ocean's surface.