The Study
"In any given day, we encounter a barrage of new information," explains Charan Ranganath, a psychologist at the University of California, Davis. "But even people with really good memory will remember only a small fraction of what happened two days ago."
Ranganath was curious as to why we absorb some information and discard other things, so he and a team of researchers asked 19 participants to examine 100 questions such as "What Beatles single lasted longest on the charts, at 19 weeks?" or "What does the term 'dinosaur' actually mean?" and scored them based on how curious they were about attaining the answer. They were then asked to review 112 of those questions, with half being the ones they were highly interested in, and the others not so much. During this process, the researchers scanned their brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
As the scanning process occurred, the participants viewed a question, then waited 14 seconds and were shown a photograph of a face that was unrelated to the topic — with no explanation as to why — before they were given the answer to the question. Following this, their memory was tested, the researchers looking to see how they would recall and retain the answers as well as the faces.
The Findings
What the researchers found was that, when the participants had a high interest in a question, their memory of the answer as well as the face was better. The next day, a follow-up test was conducted, and confirmed these findings. The results proved one particular thing: curiosity can prepare the brain to learn and memorize on a broader basis.
The researchers reviewed their imaging data to further understand this idea, and found that the brain activity during their time waiting and anticipating the answer to a question could predict their memory performance.
During this process, brain activity increased in two regions in the midbrain: the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, both of which pass on dopamine, which works to control both pleasure and reward. The researchers believe that the anticipation portion of the process is the key factor in the outcome, because, before the answer was given, the brain's desire for this knowledge was already captivating the reward system. Furthermore, the hippocampus, thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system, showed increased activity. The findings seem to prove that the brain's reward system prepares this area of the brain for learning.
What It Means for Science And Society
Ranganath believes that the findings of this study could work to help us better understand memory and learning issues in people suffering from low dopamine, like Parkinson's disease. It could also help educators, advertisers, and storytellers uncover ways to more effectively captivate their audiences, and get them to better absorb their teachings and messages.
It may also help us derive even more pleasure in the learning process. But there is still much to be uncovered on the subject, including its long-term effects, like how this knowledge may help a student's curiosity that is stimulated at the beginning of a school day work to better absorb material throughout the day. There are also further questions to be answered, such as why some people have a greater natural curiosity than others, and what factors influence our level of curiosity in the first place.
"There's only a handful of studies on curiosity," Ranganath says. "It's very hard to study."
Nevertheless, the study points out that, just like it is the journey that matters more than the destination, it is the question that intrigues our curiosity, and the answer is merely an afterthought.
Is curiosity an emotion?
We settled on it being a state of mind.
I thought about it after and realized that we put a lot of things together to define what we call curiosity.
Curiosity can be inspired by a situation that is novel or unexpected, that makes us want to find out why or how something is the way it is. But curiosity can't be inspired if you don't care.
In that sense, curiosity is more of an attitude one has to be open to in order to allow it to flourish. If you don't care why the apple fell from the tree, and are indifferent that it does, as long as it doesn't fall on your head, you will never outline an idea for gravity.
Many people are not inspired to be curious about a wide range of things in their lives. This is unfortunate but there are many factors that cause this, not the least of which is the massive amount of information we all must process, and a general feeling that the world is a lot bigger than we can understand, or out of our control and too much to think about.
I wonder what it will take for that to change.
(he pondered)