The state Department of Health reported today one additional human case of West Nile virus for 2008. The new case is in Madison County

The department reports both confirmed and probable cases to the public. The state's total number of human cases is now two. Last week the agency confirmed the state's first case in Lincoln County. The department also MSDH conducts statewide mosquito testing during peak mosquito reproduction time, which is usually July, August and September.

Although the virus is most prevalent in mid to late summer, it can occur throughout the year. Mississippians are encouraged to take the following precautions to reduce the risk of contracting the virus and other mosquito-borne illnesses: remove sources of standing water; avoid mosquito-prone areas, especially between dusk and dawn when mosquitoes are most active; wear protective clothing (such as long-sleeved shirts and pants) when in mosquito-prone areas; and apply a mosquito repellent according to the manufacturer's directions.

Symptoms of West Nile virus infection are often mild and may include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, a rash, muscle weakness or swollen lymph nodes. In a small number of cases, infection can result in encephalitis or meningitis, which can lead to paralysis, coma and possibly death.

For more information on the virus and other mosquito-borne illnesses, a checklist to reduce the mosquito population in and around homes and a brochure on the virus, visit www.HealthyMS.com/westnile or call the West Nile virus toll-free hotline from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday at 1-877-WST-NILE (1-877-978-6453).