According to the data Keeling has meticulously collected since 1989 the world is running out of breathable air - and the rate that it's losing oxygen is now on the verge of accelerating.
Monitoring oxygen levels around the world is Keeling's job. He's very good at his job. And the data confirms that Earth's oxygen supply is dwindling.
Keeling created the famous 'Keeling Curve,' a graph that extrapolates the current trend of the oxygen depletion in the atmosphere.[1] The Cape Grim Observatory chart also depicts the ongoing depletion of breathable oxygen in the atmosphere.[2]
Less oxygen equals less life
A long time ago, the Earth was very rich in oxygen. The air contained such an abundance of the element - close to one-third of the atmosphere was oxygen - that animals and insects grew to gargantuan sizes. For instance, the ancestors of dragonflies once had four foot wingspans.
But now, due to overpopulation by humans, animals - even insect colonies - and deforestation, the oxygen in the air is become a diminishing resource.
Pollution has had a significant impact and events like the BP Deepwater Horizon Gulf disaster pumping up to a million times more methane into the ocean water serves only to speed up the already accelerating process.
Concerned scientists watching potential eruptions of super volcanoes - like the ones at Yellowstone or the Canary Islands - have already calculated the oxygen levels that would be displaced in our atmosphere should any of them erupt.
And the calculations' sums are enough to cause those in the know chronically sleepless nights.
The numbers have been crunched and the stark results stare researchers in the face: climate change is the least of our problems.
As heliophysicists have been pointing out, much of the global climate change has been driven by significant changes in the sun. A decade ago many astronomers took notice of the sun acting in ways never quite seen in history.
Now the sun is expected to reach solar maximum during the next several years and some scientists are making dire predictions about the havoc that solar flares may cause with our high tech civilization.
Most, however, overlook the connection between solar activity and volcanic eruptions: massive solar activity can lead to massive volcanic eruptions releasing trillions of cubic feet of methane, sulfur, CO2 and other gases that tend to displace free oxygen in the atmosphere.
A simple bleak equation distills the sum of their fears: less oxygen equals less life.
Warning signs mounting
Warning sign one: oceanic dead zones
The first sign of oxygen depletion occurs in the oceans. Dead zones - regions where oxygen has been depleted and life can no longer exist - were first documented in the late 1970s. As time progressed, researchers discovered the dead zones were growing in size and number. New dead zones were discovered and life in those areas either moved or died.
According to Carl Zimmer the New York Times science reporter, "the area of the global ocean without enough oxygen for animals to survive (less than 70 micromoles per kilogram to be exact) expanded by 4.5 million square kilometers (1.7 million square miles). That's an area about half the size of the United States."[3]
At the Danish Center for Earth System Science Gary Shaffer's worst case scenario predicts that the oxygen levels in the oceans may drop by more than 20 per cent in the years ahead.[4]
The dead zones continue to expand and the areas of oxygen depletion are accelerating.
Warning sign two: forest charcoal
Forest fires provide a measurement of the ongoing depletion of Earth's oxygen. Fires in an oxygen rich environment leave little or no carbon residue. The less oxygen available for combustion, the more charcoal remains as fire is unable to consume all the combustible material.
Over the eons, forest fires have produced greater and greater quantities of charcoal as less oxygen rich air causes fire to burn less efficiently. As the oxygen levels drop, more charcoal residue is produced.
This is exactly what has been happening and the phenomenon is well documented.
Warning sign three: methane and rapid Earth atmospheric change
Experts such as Northwestern University's Gregory Ryskin (creator of the methane mass extinction hypothesis) have painted a scenario that could account for mass extinctions from terrestrial oxygen depletion.
While not a formal part of his hypothesis, the events Ryskin envisions would certainly lay the foundation for a rapid acceleration of oxygen depletion and the resulting mass death to follow - mass death on a planetary scale.
Atmospheric oxygen: from 30 to 20 to 5 percent?
Robert Berner of Yale University thinks oxygen levels plummeted after the Carboniferous before slowly rising to present day levels. His model tracks the oxygen level as 30 percent 300 million years ago. That plummeted to levels that we have today - about 19 to 21 percent depending on elevation. But then, after the Yucatan was struck by an asteroid roughly 65 million years ago, the dinosaurs began to die out.
Many ascribe the saurian extinction to the global cooling and darkness following the asteroid strike, but Berner believes what finally did the dinosaurs in wasn't the large space rock, but lack of oxygen. He argues that oxygen levels plummeted to as low as 5 percent.[5]
Other evidence suggests that oxygen levels fell sharply during other eras caused by volcanic eruption, the natural plant growing cycles, mass extinction of flora in the sea or other unknown causes.
One unknown cause could be the collapse of Earth's magnetic field and the sun's hard radiation bombarding the unprotected planet for thousands of years. As the plants died off and massive amounts of carbon were released into the atmosphere, the oxygen levels took a nosedive.[6]
Crack of Doomsday could steal your breath away
As the oxygen depletes to levels unable to sustain Earth's higher life forms, some experts offer comfort by assuring that the end would come quickly. Asphyxia is not a pleasant death after all, and the image of billions gasping for one more breath - like flopping fish out of water - is a distinctly disturbing one.
Indeed, Mankind could go out not with a bang, but a shuddering, desperate gasp.
Of course, not all life on Earth would completely die off. It's postulated that certain mosses, hardy slime molds, resilient bacteria and viruses - as well as the more robust sea slugs - probably could weather the severe oxygen deprivation. They will make it through the tens of thousands of years required for the oxygen levels to slowly replenish after the planetary mass extinction.
Many experts also agree cockroaches could do well.
References
- An early 'Keeling Curve.' This study in the mid 1950s led to the ongoing atmospheric research by Keeling starting in 1989. The current Keeling Curve depicting rising CO2 that correlates to a reduction in breathable atmosphere.
- Atmospheric Oxygen Levels Fall As Carbon Dioxide Rises
- "A Looming Oxygen Crisis and Its Impact on World's Oceans" - Zimmer, Carl. Yale University.
- "Long-term effectiveness and consequences of carbon dioxide sequestration"
- "Earth Surface Geochemistry, Biogeochemistry, and Mathematical Modeling of Geochemical Cycles"
- Oxygen chart
There's one I've not considered in a long while. -I do remember when this was a front page concern some decades back, but then it slipped away even as the rain forests continued to fall.
But it didn't go away. Oh dear! Our poor, poor Earth. She needs a spring cleaning!
I really can follow the logic of the elite; they recognize this stuff, realize that the state of the world cannot continue, (following the "greed is good" model, anyway), and very quickly it becomes acceptable to think of the human population as cattle which must be managed. -Cattle don't have rights, and when you start to think of humans as live stock, shame suddenly falls away from the equation when running politics as a sham manipulation tactic and when drugs are put in the water and mind control in the media.
I can follow it, but I reject it! It's fear-based. Control-based. It lacks compassion and trust.
The truly disappointing thing is that all of this could have been managed so much more beautifully. Technology didn't have to be so ugly and dirty. Populations, when allowed to evolve knowledge and resources tend to naturally shrink in size. This could have all been done differently.
Instead we get to do it through fire and blood.